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| Inventors/Business to know: |
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Definition
Thomas Alva Edison
Alexander Graham Bell
Transcontinental railroad
Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
Monopoly
George Eastman |
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| inventor and businessman, invented the light bulb. |
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| inventor, invented the telephone |
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| Transcontinental railroad |
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Definition
railroad from coast to coast.
1. industry could grow
2. materials delivered faster
3. people could connect/meet faster and more
4. forced creation of time zones |
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| Led america into the steel industry |
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| american oil industrialist, first major businessman. |
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| one company controlling an industry. |
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| World War One Terms to Know: |
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| Nationalism and Alliance System |
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Definition
| I ) Nationalism - the belief that national interests and national unity should be placed above world affairs. Nations should be governed by their own self-interest. Haven't we heard this before'? There was competition between nations (and therefore hostilities developed). There were major problems over countries influence in and within Serbia (wanting their own country, etc). |
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| Nationalism and Alliance System (con't) |
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Definition
| 4) Alliance System - With all these tensions running high (jealousy, fears, desires) they signed very complex system of treaties to protect each other. Allies: France, GB, Russia (Italy joined later as did U.S.). Central Powers: Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Germany. According to some of the propaganda of the time, The Allies were the good guys and the Central Powers were the bad guys. If it was only that simple... |
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| Allies: France, Great Britain, |
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Definition
Allies: France, GB, Russia (Italy joined later as did U.S.).
According to some of the propaganda of the time, The Allies were the good guys and the Central Powers were the bad guys. |
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| Central Powers: Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary |
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Definition
| Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Germany. According to some of the propaganda of the time, The Allies were the good guys and the Central Powers were the bad guys. |
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| Gavrilo Princip and Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
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Definition
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne) and his wife are assassinated by Gavrilo Princip and the group Black Hand. Princip was part of a Serbian terrorist group called Black Hand. |
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Definition
| submarines operated by germans |
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| The sinking of the Lusitania, ocean liner, was terrible. 1198 killed- 128 Americans. |
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| was a note that was sent by Germans to Mexico (caught by GB) suggesting an alliance and the Germans would then win back the southwest for Mexico |
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| Conscription & Selective Service Act |
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Definition
| Conscription (a draft) was brought back for the first time since the Civil War. The Selective Service Act (May 1917) required men of 18 to register for the draft over 24 million men eventually did. The SSA is still in effect today, but there is no longer a draft. |
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| Gen. John J. “Blackjack” Pershing |
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Definition
| was the US commander. Pershing, a great leader, believed that the allies needed to be more aggressive. Trench warfare had made Allies defensive. |
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Definition
| was a hero. He had been a “Conscientious Objector” a person who opposes the war on moral grounds. In the end, he convinced (through a “sword” quote from the Bible) that he could and should fight for a just cause. He became the original Rambo. You know how guys do this stuff in movies all the time? Well, York did it for real. In 1918, he killed 25 Germans with a rifle and a revolver, and captured 132 prisoners (with help from 6 “dough boys”). |
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Definition
| was America’s star pilot. He was another hero. America’s version of the Red Baron (who, contrary to popular opinion, was not Snoopy’s enemy). He died in 1973. |
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| a person who opposes the war on moral grounds. |
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Definition
| warfare that relies on machines powered by gas and diesel engines |
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Definition
| Too much anger to be fair and just. 9 new countries were established (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia among them). The Ottoman Empire was carved up and British and France “mandates” (temp. territories- Syria, Israel (Palestine), Lebanon, Jordan). |
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Term
| Treaty of Versailles (con't1) |
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Definition
Germany was forced to demilitarize and lose its air forces. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France (this region was involved in many wars).
It forced Germans to pay reparations - war damages. Treaty forced Germans to sign a “War – Guilt clause” Not smart, because the Germans were then the sole nation responsible for WWI! Other countries were at fault, but only Germans were forced to take the blame. |
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Term
| Treaty of Versailles (con't2) |
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Definition
The leaders did not see it at the time but, there were…
Three fatal flaws in Treaty:
1. Treaty humiliated Germany - Germans couldn’t pay and angered all Germans to be blamed (set up Hitler to find a scapegoat). Lost several territories as payment as well.
2. Russia was ignored. Lost tons of land, not at Versailles, the communists got very mad and determined that the USSR (as Russia called after 1922) would reclaim those lands (and did).
3. The colonial issues contributed to instability. The colonized people did not get their chance at self-determination. Southeast Asia (Ho Chi Minh) – as an example. |
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Definition
| a forum to discuss issues without going to war. Peaceful settlements |
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Badly wanted a League of Nations.
Given a hero’s welcome in Europe after the Great War ends, but nationalism and other problems were under the surface. |
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Definition
Wilson's 14 points at Versailles were, highlights of them were:
1. Open covenants openly agreed to. No secret treaties.
2. Freedom of Seas for all.
3. Tariffs among all nations should be lowered (free trade).
4. Armies should be much smaller to promote safety.
5. The colonial people should be considered as well the interests of the Imperialist countries.
14. The League of Nations – a forum to discuss issues without going to war. Peaceful settlements. |
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| article 231 of treaty of versailles, peace treaty |
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| Isolationists (like Henry Cabot Lodge) |
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Definition
| The desire to stay out of the world’s affairs (esp. after WWI). |
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| 1920’s Review Sheet Terms: |
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Definition
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| fear of foreigners. Example: Palmer Raids. |
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| a system of government where there is no private enterprise; everyone works for common good. It often became a dictatorship first. |
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Term
| A. Mitchell Palmer and the Red Scare |
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Definition
Red scare- americans were afraid comunism and lose all of their freedom.
Palmer Raids- attempt by the U.S government to deport all anarchist and people that didnt like the way the U.S was ran |
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Definition
| believed in no government. Could be violent—bombs, etc. |
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| two Italian immigrants accused and convicted of murder. They were possible anarchists and the evidence was circumstantial against them. They were executed. |
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| white supremecy group, did not like blacks or any other minority |
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| strict limits on immigrants to the USA each year (by country). |
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| Head of United Mine Workers (huge eyebrows)—made important advances on behalf of his workers. |
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| in 1929 became president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP). Over the next few years he built it into the first successful black trade union. |
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Definition
President 1923-29
1923 called for isolation in foreign policy, and for tax cuts, economy, and limited aid to farmers |
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Henry Ford &
Model T (Model A) |
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Definition
Invented assembly line
Invented Model T car for the masses |
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Definition
| One of the original U.S. highways, originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, before ending at Los Angeles, covering a total of 2,448 miles |
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Definition
spreading outwards of a city
Helped by the introduction of the auto |
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Definition
| ad agencies no longer just informed the public about products, they hired psychologists to study how to appeal to peoples desires. |
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| enabled people to buy goods over an extended time period, without having to put down much money at the time of purchase. |
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| prohibited intoxicating liquor |
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| The time period when America banned the sale, manufacture, transportation, and consumption of alcohol via the 18th Constitutional amendment. 1920-1933 (21st Amendment). |
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| secret bars where people went to drink. Often needed a password to get in. |
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| people who sold alcohol illegally |
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| Top mobster in Chicago during the 1920s, worth $100 million (?), and responsible for hundreds of murders (includes St. Valentine’s Day massacre). Went to jail for tax evasion (Alcatraz). |
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| repealed 18th Amendment allowed intoxicating liquor |
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| The belief that all Bible stories are to be taken literally. |
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Definition
| an evangelist who preached against the evils of drinking, predicted a new age of virtue and religion. |
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Term
| Scopes Monkey Trial Clarence Darrow |
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Definition
incredibly famous court case in Tennessee. TN banned teaching of evolution in their schools and Scopes broke the law. He was arrested and put on trial. He lost. Darrow was his attorney.
(Play/Movie: Inherit the Wind)
Clarence Darrow – Scopes’ lawyer, perhaps most famous lawyer of the time. Got William Jennings Bryan to admit Bible is not completely literal. |
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| a woman who rebelled against expectations. She drank, smoked, and maybe talked about “dating” openly. Danced and cut her hair too. Dresses (length, fit, etc) were changed. Beginnings of the modern woman. |
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| Women, despite new freedoms, still had to live up to certain rules. Men could get away with much more. Example: kinds of jobs women could have. |
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| mother of birth control in America, founded what would become Planned Parenthood. |
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| The first commercial radio station in America (in Pittsburgh). |
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| sensationalism, covering the gossip, dirty, underbelly of crime and celebrity. |
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| most famous baseball player of his day. Hit 60 homeruns in 1927. |
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| Gertrude Ederle (1926, first woman across the English Channel) |
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| First woman to swim across the English Channel. |
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| most famous women’s tennis player of her time. Best American female tennis player ever? |
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| First person to ever fly across the Atlantic Ocean (plane called “Spirit of St. Louis”) |
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| major award winning writer (book=Babbitt) |
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| F. Scott Fitzgerald author |
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Definition
| The most famous writer of the 1920s, wrote The Great Gatsby. Coined the term “Jazz Age.” Married to Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald. |
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| writer in NYC, ran the “Vicious Circle” of writers. (Algonquin hotel) |
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| Edna St. Vincent Millay-poet |
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| writer, simplistic stylist with great impact. |
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| a group of American disaffected writers who moved to Paris in the 1920s. |
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| a time in the 1920s in which African-American culture exploded—a cultural movement. |
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| National Assoc. for the Advancement of Colored People. They worked to pass laws to stop lynching and help people. |
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| helped found NAACP and African American intellectual |
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| the secretary of the NAACP, writer, poet, etc. |
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| promoted African American business, urged many to return to Africa. UNIA = United Negro Improvement Assoc. |
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| Football player, lawyer, singer, actor, activist |
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| stunning actress, singer—big career in Paris because she was African American and had trouble working in the USA. |
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| huge influence in Jazz, one of the most important musicians in American history. |
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| Famous band leader of the 1920s |
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| Highest paid singer of the 1920s, died in a car crash |
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| the most glamorous club in Harlem. Best place to play and dance and party. |
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