Term
| What does the team leader do in an emergency situation? Who is it usually? |
|
Definition
| bears responsibility for the actions of the team, initiates basic life support, and remains with the victim throughout the emergency unless relieved by another team member. The team leader is usually, but not always, the dentist. |
|
|
Term
| What does the team member #2 do in emergency situations? |
|
Definition
| might assist with BLS as needed, monitor vital signs, be responsible for retrieving the emergency kit and oxygen, and prepare drug(s) for administration |
|
|
Term
| What does the team member #3 do in a medical emergency? |
|
Definition
| may also assist with BLS, summon emergency medical services (EMS), and maintain a written record as events occur, including times. |
|
|
Term
| What is the information that must be provided to the EMS when you call them? (7) |
|
Definition
•exact address or location, including cross streets, landmarks, name of the building, the floor and room number;
•the telephone number from which the call is made;
•caller's name
•what happened
•how many people are involved
•condition of the victim;
•care being given |
|
|
Term
| What causes Vasodepressor syncope? |
|
Definition
| stress, fear, anxiety, pain, and emotional upset, hunger, etc., |
|
|
Term
| Are children as likely to develop syncope as adults? |
|
Definition
| no, children less likely to experience b/c they don’t hold back emotions |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of syncope? |
|
Definition
| - pale or ashen skin color, cool skin and/or moist ("a cold sweat"), warmth in the head and neck, lightheadedness, or dizziness, nauseated, numbness or tingling in the toes and fingers |
|
|
Term
| How are syncope pts treated? |
|
Definition
| generally self correcting, but place pt in supine position with legs slightly elevated, move legs if possible, pt having trouble breathing can sit up, next make sure airway is open, if pt awakes on their own no need to call EMS |
|
|
Term
| How are pregnant patients that have syncope treated? |
|
Definition
| pregnant patients should be turned on their side with legs elevated, |
|
|
Term
| Do you proceed with treatment after syncope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes Orthostatic hypotension? |
|
Definition
| certain drugs, long time laying down, standing for long periods with knees locked, pregnancy(beginning of 1st, end of 3rd), venous issues, fatigue, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What are the syptoms of orthostatic hypotension? |
|
Definition
| they are similar as syncope |
|
|
Term
| What is the emergency procedure for orthostatic hypotension? |
|
Definition
same as syncope except when they regain
consciousness slowly sit them upright over the course of 2-3 mins |
|
|
Term
| Is someone in immediate life-threatening danger with Acute adrenal insufficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is acute adrenal insufficiency caused by? |
|
Definition
| a lack of glucocorticosteroid hormones(aldosterone and cortisol, which allow the body to adapt to stress), the body is less able to adapt to stressful situations, and this causes symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. Caused by sudden succession of taking steroids |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of acute adrenal insufficiency? |
|
Definition
| mental confusion, muscle weakness, intense pain in the abdomen, lower back and legs, signs of hypoglycemia, extreme fatigue, and episodes of syncope |
|
|
Term
| What can be done or given to avoid acute adrenal insufficiency? |
|
Definition
| Susceptible patients should receive exogenous glucocorticosteroid coverage before, during and after stressful situations and care should be taken to reduce stress as much as possible |
|
|
Term
| What is the emergency procedure for acute adrenal insufficiency? |
|
Definition
| BLS, oxygen, administration of glucocorticosteroid, call EMS, going to the hospital is nearly always necessary |
|
|
Term
| Is oxygen administered to patients with Hyperventilation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does hyperventilation occur? What is it brought on by? |
|
Definition
| occurs when respiration is increased in depth or frequency, brought on by stress |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of hyperventilation? |
|
Definition
| - feeling of tightness in the chest, globus hystericus (a "lump" in the throat), and lightheadedness or giddiness that in turn can cause even more apprehension, tingling fingers, toes, lips |
|
|
Term
| What can be done to prevent hyperventilation? |
|
Definition
| stress reduction strategies |
|
|
Term
| What is the emergency procedure for hyperventilation? |
|
Definition
| -ut pt upright, remove anything from their mouth, loosen tight clothing, ask to breathe slowly(4-6 breaths/min), if this does not work have them cup hands over mouth and breathe to get CO2 back to normal level, if this does not work call EMS |
|
|
Term
| What is asthma caused by? |
|
Definition
| caused by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli, which results in bronchospasm, bronchial wall edema, and hypersecretion of mucous glands |
|
|
Term
| How can we prevent an asthma attack in the office? |
|
Definition
| using health history to determine factors that may trigger an episode, stress reduction, have pt’s inhaler available |
|
|
Term
| What is the emergency procedure for an asthma attack? |
|
Definition
| position pt where they are comfortable, usually sitting up with arms slumped forward, administer a bronchodilator, discontinue dental treatment for the day, if this does not help administer oxygen and call EMS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pathologic state in which abnormal cardiac function is responsible for failure of the heart to pump the volume of blood necessary to meet requirements of tissue metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden, rapid passage of fluid through membranes from the pulmonary capillary bed into the alveolar spaces of the lungs, usually precipitated by psychological or physiological stress |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of heart failure/pulmonary edema? |
|
Definition
| orthopnea(person can only breath in an upright or seated position), heaviness in the chest, and may exhibit tachypnea, pallor, sweating, cyanosis, and frothy pink sputum (blood tinged saliva and mucous filled with air bubbles). |
|
|
Term
| What is the emergency procedure for pulmonary edema/heart failure? |
|
Definition
| - put conscious pt sitting up, unconscious in supine position, EMS, calm pt, monitor vitals, provide BLS, administer oxygen and vasodilator if necessary , "bloodless phlebotomy" |
|
|
Term
| What is "bloodless phlebotomy"? |
|
Definition
| removing blood from extremities by putting blood pressure cuff six inches below groin and 4 inches below shoulder on 3 extremities, make it tighter than diastolic but tighter than systolic, every 15 mins one is moved to free extremity |
|
|
Term
| What is a Cerebrovascular accident? |
|
Definition
| - the destruction of brain tissue as a result of intracerebral hemorrhage that can result from a ruptured blood vessel, thrombosis, embolism, or vascular insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of a Cerebrovascular accident? |
|
Definition
| - Sudden unilateral weakness and numbness, or paralysis of the face, arm, or leg are primary symptoms, sudden violent headache, nausea and vomiting, chills and sweating, dizziness, and vertigo that may progress to unconsciousness |
|
|
Term
| What is the emergency management for a cerebral accident? |
|
Definition
| EMS should be called immediately, vital signs monitored, oxygen administered, and BLS provided |
|
|
Term
| What may be administered during a cerebral accident? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a seizure? What are they caused by? |
|
Definition
-a sudden episode of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain,
-caused by injury, disease, fever (especially in young children), infection, poisoning or often for unknown reason |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of a seizure? |
|
Definition
| - momentary break in the stream of thought and activity or may include tingling or twitching of an area of the body, and perhaps hallucinations, intense fear, or feelings of déjà vu, tonic and clonic convulsions |
|
|
Term
| What is the emergency procedure for seizures? |
|
Definition
| remove dangerous objects, after it is over place victim on side |
|
|
Term
| What cases is EMS actived with seizures? |
|
Definition
-seizures occur repeatedly;
-a seizure lasts longer than five minutes;
-the victim appears injured;
-the victim has no history of epilepsy that could have brought on the episode;
-the victim is pregnant;
-the victim is an infant or child experiencing his first febrile seizure;
-the victim is diabetic; or
-the victim does not regain consciousness immediately after the seizure |
|
|
Term
| Is hyperglycemia life-threatening? What can it cause? |
|
Definition
| Hyperglycemia is not acutely life threatening, but if uncorrected may lead to diabetic ketoacidosis and coma; life-threatening conditions. |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia? |
|
Definition
| polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (excessive hunger), and polyuria (excessive urination), acetone breath(fruity sweet), bright red face, hot dry skin, |
|
|
Term
| What is the emergency treatment for hyperglycemia? |
|
Definition
| conscious hyperglycemic patient consists of recognizing the condition and referring the patient to a physician for evaluation and treatment, unconscious- call EMS, supine position, BLS |
|
|
Term
| What is the most telling differentiation between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia? |
|
Definition
| the hyperglycemic person has a hot and dry appearance and acetone odor; the hypoglycemic person has a cold, wet appearance and bizarre behavior |
|
|
Term
| Is hypoglycemia life theratening? What is it caused by? |
|
Definition
| exogenous insulin therapy, too much insulin |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia? |
|
Definition
| seem drunk or on drugs, hunger, nausea, increased gastric motility (growling stomach), sweating, tachycardia, piloerection (hair feels as if it is standing on end) and cold and wet skin. |
|
|
Term
| What is used to treat hypoglyceemia? |
|
Definition
| given oral carbohydrates, if unconscious call EMS, glucagon or IV dextrose solution |
|
|
Term
| When does a myocardial infarction occur? |
|
Definition
| occurs when there is deficient arterial blood supply to a portion of the myocardium resulting in deprivation of oxygen and nutrition to the cells of the heart muscle |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction? |
|
Definition
| The pain has been described as ranging from discomfort to a crushing substernal pain that can radiate to the shoulder, arm, neck, or jaw. Resting, changing position, or taking nitroglycerin does not relieve the pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when there is a temporary insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart muscle |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of angina? How long does it last? |
|
Definition
| squeezing, as heaviness, or a dull ache that lasts only from one to 10 minutes |
|
|
Term
| What is given to people with angina? How long should be last before EMS is activated? |
|
Definition
| nitroglycerin, oxygen, continue dental care if they recover, if pain is not gone in 10 mins call EMS |
|
|
Term
| Does hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia lead to diabetic coma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the second most cause of unconsciousness in a dental office? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medication can be administered to syncope patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
