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Definition
| any body of running water that flows along a channel |
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| elongate depression or trough |
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| when a stream exceeds is capacity and spills out and covers the surrounding land |
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| rain or snow that flows downslope as a thin film |
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with time the extra flow deepens the channel relative to its surroundings
a stream forms because of this |
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when a stream channel begins to lengthen its origin
happens at places where ground water seeps out of the ground and enters the entrance of the channel |
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Definition
when downcutting deepens the main channel, the surrounding land surfaces start to slope toward the channel and this makes new side channels
flow into main channels |
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the array of interconnecting streams together constitute this
types: dendritic, radial, rectangular, trellis |
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| a drainage network collects water from a broad region and feeds it into the trunk stream, which carries the water away |
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| the high land, or ridge, that separates one watershed from another |
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| flows only part of the year |
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| the volume of water passing through a cross section of the stream in a given time |
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| four ways that water causes erosion |
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Definition
| scouring, breaking and lifting, abrasion, dissolution |
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Definition
| running water can remove loose fragments of sediment |
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Definition
| break chunks of solid rock off the channel floor or wall. |
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Definition
sediment laden water acts like sandpaper and grinds away at the channel floor and walls
creates a pothole into the floor of the stream |
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Definition
| running water dissolves soluble minerals s it passes, and carries the minerals away in solution |
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Term
| rivers transport sediment in 3 ways |
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Definition
| dissolved load, suspended load, bed load |
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Term
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Definition
maximum particle size it a stream carries
high ( ) carries large particles |
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Definition
| total quantity of sediment it can carry |
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| fluvial deposits or alluvium |
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Definition
| may accumulate along the stream bed in elongate mounds called bars |
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| a broad flat area bordering a stream |
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| where a stream empties at its mouth into a standing body of water, the water slows and a wedge of sediment |
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Definition
| the slope of the stream channel |
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Definition
| forms when the gradient of the stream becomes so steep that some or all of the water literally free falls above the stream bed |
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Definition
the water slows and drops is sediment load, forming a sloping apron of sediment
divided into a series of small channels that spread out over the fan |
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Definition
| during normal flows the sediment settles out and chokes the channel. As a consequence, the stream divides into numeral strands |
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| channels wind back and forth like Mississippi |
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| the meander that has been cut off |
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| occupies the cracks and other openings in between the solid component of rock or sediment |
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| infiltrates, some descends only into the soil and wets the surfaces of grains and organic material making up the soil |
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| any open space within a volume of sediment, or within a body of rock |
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| total amount of open space within a material, specified as a percentage |
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| the various intricately shaped formations that grow in caves by the accumulations of dripstone |
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| where surface landforms develop when limestone bedrock dissolves both at the surface and in underlying cave networks |
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| sediment or rock with high permeability and porosity |
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| sediment or rock that does not transmit water easily and therefor retards the motion of water |
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Definition
| a thin layer at the base of the unsaturated zone |
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