Term
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Definition
| body weight above a healthy weight; BMI 25 to 29.9 |
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Term
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Definition
| body weight below a healthy weight; BMI below 18.5 |
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Term
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Definition
| the body's fat tissue. adipose tissue performs several functions, including the synthesis and secretion of the hormone leptin involved in appetite regulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| the proportions of muscle, bone, fat, and other tissue that make up a person's total body weight. |
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Term
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Definition
| overfatness with adverse health effects, as determined by reliable measures and interpreted with god medical judgement. obesity is officially defined as a body mass index of 30 or higher. |
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Term
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Definition
| the progressive, relentless loss of the body's tissues that accompanies certain diseases and shortens survival time. |
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Term
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Definition
| fat stored within the abdominal cavity in association with the internal abdominal organs; also called intra-abdominal fat. |
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Term
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Definition
| excess fat in the abdomen and around the trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| fat stored directly under the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| protein hormones made and released by adipose tissue cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| an indicator of obesity or underweight, calculated by dividing the weight of a person by the square of the person's height. |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum total of all the involuntary activities that are necessary to sustain life, including circulation, respiration, temperature maintenance, hormone secretion, nerve activity, and new tissue synthesis, excluding digestion and voluntary activities. basal metabolism is the largest component of the average person's daily energy expenditure. |
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Term
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Definition
| intentional activities conducted by voluntary muscles |
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Term
| THERMIC EFFECT OF FOOD (TEF) |
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Definition
| the body's speeded up metabolism in response to having eaten a meal |
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Term
| BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR) |
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Definition
| the rate at which the body uses energy to support its basal metabolism. |
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Term
| ESTIMATED ENERGY REQUIREMENT (EER) |
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Definition
| the DRI recommendation for energy intake, accounting for age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement of the thickness of a fold of skin using a caliper |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of density and volume used to determine body fat content |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique for measuring body fatness by measuring the body's electrical conductivity |
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Term
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Definition
| dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. a noninvasive method of determining total body fat, fat distribution, and bone density by passing two low-dose x-ray beams through the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the physiological need to eat, experienced as a drive for obtaining food; an unpleasant sensation that demands relief. |
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Term
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Definition
| the perception of fullness that builds throughout a meal, eventually reaching the degree of fullness and satisfaction that halts eating. |
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Term
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Definition
| the perception of fullness that lingers in the hours after a meal and inhibits eating until the next mealtime. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone released by the stomach that signals the hypothalamus of the brain to stimulate eating |
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Term
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Definition
| the psychological desire to eat |
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Term
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Definition
| brain compounds that reduce pain and produce pleasure in ways similar to opiate drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| an appetite-suppressing hormone produced in the fat cells that conveys information about body fatness to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the generation and release of body head associated with the breakdown of body fuels. |
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Term
| BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE (BAT) |
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Definition
| a type of adipose tissue abundant in hibernating animals and human infants and recently identified in human adults |
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Term
| NONEXERCISE ACTIVITY THERMOGENESIS (NEAT) |
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Definition
| energy expenditure associated with everyday spontaneous activities |
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Term
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Definition
| the buildings, roads, utilities, homes, fixtures, parks, and all other man-made entities that form the physical characteristics of a community |
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Term
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Definition
| urban and rural low-income areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious foods |
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Term
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Definition
| acidic compounds derived from fat and certain amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| the relative proportion of fat and fat-free tissue in the body (percent body fat) |
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Term
| CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS |
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Definition
| related to the ability to perform large muscle, dynamic, moderate-to high-intensity exercise for prolonged periods of time and reflects the functional capabilities of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lungs, and relevant muscles during various types of exercise demands. |
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Term
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Definition
| clinically severe overweight, presenting very high risks to health; the condition of having a BMI of 40 or above; also called morbid obesity |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to or made from plants; any drug, medicinal preparation, dietary supplement, or similar substances obtained from a plant. |
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Term
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Definition
| a term popularly used to describe dimpled fat tissue on the thighs and buttocks; not recognized in science |
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Term
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Definition
| a person's belief in his or her ability to succeed in an undertaking |
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Term
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Definition
| periods of returning to old habits |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated rounds of weight loss and subsequent regain, with reduced ability to lose weight with each attempts; also called yo-yo dieting |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius |
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Term
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Definition
a unit of expression of energy equal to 1,000 calories. the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram or liter of water 1 degree Celsius
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Term
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Definition
| a unit of expression of energy equal to 1,000 calories. the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram or liter of water 1 degree Celsius. |
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Term
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Definition
| the capacity of the joints to move through a full range of motion |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of muscles to work against resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly within a given time without becoming exhausted. |
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Term
| CARDIORESPIRATORY ENDURANCE |
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Definition
| the ability to perform large-muscle dynamic exercise of moderate-to-high intensity for prolonged periods |
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Term
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Definition
| the efficiency of a muscle contraction, measured by force and time |
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Term
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Definition
| the interval between stimulation and response |
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Term
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Definition
| nimbleness; the ability to quickly change directions |
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Term
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Definition
| temporarily diminished capacity, due to exertion |
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Term
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Definition
| an extra physical demand placed on the body; an increase in the frequency, duration, or intensity of an activity |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in size in response to use |
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Term
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Definition
| a decrease in size because of disuse |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone produced by the brain's pituitary gland, necessary for growth of body tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone produced primarily by the male testes; also produced to a lesser extent by the male and female adrenal gland and by the female ovaries; testosterone produces sexual maturity and functioning in males, and contributes to muscle growth in both sexes. |
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Term
| PROGRESSIVE WEIGHT TRAINING |
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Definition
| the gradual increase of stress placed upon the body with the use of resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of blood discharged by the heart each minute |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of oxygenated blood ejected from the heart toward body tissues at each beat |
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Term
| EXCESS POSTEXERCISE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (EPOC) |
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Definition
| a measure of increased metabolism that continues for minutes to hours after cessation of exercise |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a compound produced during the breakdown of glucose in anaerobic metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet in a way that enables muscles to temporarily store glycogen beyond their normal capacity |
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Term
| HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE ENERGY DRINKS |
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Definition
| flavored commercial beverages used to restore muscle glycogen after exercise or as a pregame beverage |
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Term
| BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACIDS (BCAA) |
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Definition
| leucine, isoleucine, and valine; amino acids present in skeletal muscle tissue and theorized to enhance protein synthesis and diminish muscle protein breakdown |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute and life-threatening reaction to heat buildup in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a below-normal body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of weight lost plus fluid consumed during exercise per hour |
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Term
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Definition
| a decreased concentration of sodium in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| painful cramps of the abdomen, arms, or legs, often occurring hours after exercise; associated with inadequate intake of fluid or electrolytes or heavy sweating |
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Term
| 5 STAGES OF BEHAVIOR CHANGE |
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Definition
1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a temporary phenomenon, it may occur for a number of reasons, some preventable, many not |
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Term
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Definition
| abandoning the positive behavior with a resulting loss of benefits |
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Term
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Definition
| alteration of behavior using methods based on the theory that actions can be controlled by manipulating the environmental factors that cue, or trigger, the actions |
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Term
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Definition
| as taught in behavior therapy, changes to conscious thoughts with the goal of improving adherence to lifestyle modifications |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the energy provided by a food relative to its weights (calories per gram) |
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Term
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Definition
| a disturbance in the daily eating rhythm associated with obesity, characterized by no breakfast, more than half of the daily calories consumed after 7 p.m., frequent nighttime awakenings to eat, and often a greater total calorie intake than others |
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Term
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Definition
| a meal eaten three to four hours before athletic competition |
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Term
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Definition
| an adaptive, temporary response to endurance training. |
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