Term
| What is the difference between Dilthey's 'Erkaren' and 'Verstehen'? |
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Definition
Erkaren: explain
Verstehen: interpret |
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Term
| Culture according to Geertz |
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Definition
| Interpretative science in search of meaning |
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Term
| Culture according to Tylor |
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Definition
| Complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law (...), any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a society member |
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Term
| Culture according to Boomkens |
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Definition
| All human ways of doing, practices, instruments, beliefs where people give meanings to social/material reality around them. Expresses coherence of collectively shared meanings + difference that distinguishes that coherence from others |
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Term
| General characteristics of culture |
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Definition
- contrasted to nature
- about identity and difference
- requires stability and change |
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Term
| What is the difference, according to Windelband, between 'nomothetic' and 'idiographic' ? |
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Definition
Nomothetic = generalizing
Idiographic = study of the unique |
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Term
| Humanities according to Bod |
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Definition
- Disciplines taught at humanities faculty
- Quest for patterns in humanistic material on the basis of methodical principles |
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Term
| What does Heidegger define man as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three concepts of culture? |
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Definition
1) Civilisation: general process of intellectual and aesthetic development
2) Way of life: broad, anthropological understanding
3) Intellectual/artistic activities: synonymous with art (high culture) |
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Term
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Definition
| Key to understand philosophy and religions |
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Term
| What is meant by art as 'Life Imagined'? |
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Definition
- a way of 'sense-making'
- form of 'cultural self-reflection'
- shared (social) and stored (historical) experiences |
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Term
| True or false: art is necessarily beautiful and special |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of being human |
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Definition
- Our psyche: care, morals, language, self-conciousness and mortality awareness
- Culture: images, stories, art |
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Term
| What defines the Cognitive Revolution? |
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Definition
- When history declared it's independence from biology and narratives replace bio theory to explain Homo Sapiens development
- Cooperation of large numbers of strangers through fiction |
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Term
| True of false: 'the human consciousness does not coincide with itself' (Heidegger) |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: according to Benjamin, art isn't always relevant in culture |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A story explaining the origin of world and people and expressing cultural views, beliefs and values |
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Term
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Definition
| Religion with forces of nature as living spirits |
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Term
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Definition
| Having a totem as an animal or other natural figure that spiritually represents a group of related people |
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Term
| What is anthropomorphism? |
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Definition
| A projection of human characteristics/behaviors/emotions into natural/spiritual world |
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Term
| Characteristics of agriculture's development |
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Definition
- 1st developed in Asia
- fertile land of Middle East w/ oldest cultivated grain
- enhanced hierarchy, cooperation, settlement |
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Term
| Characteristics of early art/media |
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Definition
- anthropomorphic gods
- abstraction (world interpretation by categories)
- massive construction (eg. Pyramids) |
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Term
| Why do people start writing? |
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Definition
- "external memory"
- limitations of human memory
- storing memories
- ability to store certain kinds of data |
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Term
| What is the Epic of Gilgamesh and why is it a notable piece of work? |
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Definition
- the oldest known story of a hero (about friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu)
- notable because of metaphors and acknowledgement to human mortality |
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Term
| What are 4 challenges in Writing a History of the Humanities according to Bod? |
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Definition
| Bod identifies four major challenges: demarcation (defining the boundaries of the humanities), comparativism (making comparisons between disciplines and regions), presentism (using current concepts to describe past phenomena), and source selection (choosing which sources to include). |
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Term
| How does Bod make a comparative approach? |
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Definition
| Bod makes as many comparisons as possible between different disciplines and regions to identify common patterns and principles, focusing on the internal development of the humanities while integrating their external cultural context |
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Term
| What is the Terminological-Conceptual problem according to Bod? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of language and gossip in human development according to Harari? |
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Definition
| Language evolved not only for practical information sharing but also for gossiping, which is crucial for social bonding and the exchange of information about people's relationships and behavior within a community. |
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Term
| According to Harari, how have imagined realities influenced social constructs? |
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Definition
| Humans have woven a complex network of stories, known as 'imagined realities' or 'social constructs,' which give rise to social institutions like laws, justice, human rights, and companies. These realities are not lies but are collectively believed and function within the realm of human imagination. |
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Term
| What is 'limited liability' according to Harari? |
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Definition
| The concept of limited liability, as exemplified by corporations, is a legal fiction that enables entities to own property, pay taxes, and be sued independently of their human owners or workers. This has been a significant development in human history, allowing for the accumulation of immense power and wealth. |
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Term
| What differs Biology from History according to Harari? |
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Definition
| Biology sets the basic parameters for human behavior and capacities, but history unfolds within these biological constraints. The interaction of ideas, images, and fantasies has become a primary means of explaining human development. |
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