Term
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Definition
85% on land
97.2% of that oceans
2.15% " ice/glaciers
other 15% =evaporation |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid to solid. 80cals of latent heat released |
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Term
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Definition
| solid to liquid. 80 cals of heat sensible absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid to a gas. 600 cals of sensible heat absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| gas to liquid. 600 cals of latent heat released |
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Term
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Definition
| gas to solid. 680 cals of latent heat released |
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Term
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Definition
| solid to gas 680 cals of sensible heat absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of water vapor in the air |
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Term
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Definition
| absolute, mixing ration and relative humidity |
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Term
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Definition
| mass of water vapor in a given volume of air. hard to measure directly. changes in location causes changes in volume via pressure and temperature. grams per cubic meter |
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Term
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Definition
| mas of water vapor in a unit mas of dry air. grams per kilogram. hard to measure directly |
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Term
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Definition
| actual mixing ratio to the saturation mixing ratio. how close air to saturation in percent. acts in opposite direction of temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| is the theoretical maximum amount of water vapor that air at a specific temperature and pressure can hold |
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Term
| daily variations of humidity |
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Definition
| because the temperature varies throughout the day, the humidity will also vary in the opposite direction of the temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| temperature at which a parcel of air must be cooled to reach saturation |
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Term
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Definition
| used to measure the humidity of the air |
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Term
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Definition
| sling hygrometer, hair hygrometer, electric hygrometer |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 identical thermometers: wet bulb and dry bulb. evaporation on wet bulb causes tempterature to drop. amount of cooling is directly proportional to dryness of air. Use the wet bulb depression to find relative humidity. the bigger the depression the lower the relative humidity. WET BULB IS ALWAYS COLDER OR EQUAL TO DRY BULB |
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Term
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Definition
| human hair expands or contracts with humidity. does not stay calibrated. slow reacting. bad for lower temperatures and only good for a rough idea |
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Term
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Definition
| contact with moisture absorbing surface. reads current accross surface. radiosondes |
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Term
| Lifting Condensation Level (LCL) |
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Definition
| height to which air must be lifted for condensation to begin. usually seen as base of a cloud. usually given as a temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| A body is said to go under an adiabatic change when its condition is alter without heat loss/gair |
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Term
| Adiabatic temperature change |
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Definition
| when either heat is added or subtracted. when air expands as it cools. compression heats air |
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Term
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Definition
| the rate at which the temperature decreases vertically in the atmosphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1C/100Meter or 10C/10Km or 5.5F/1000F. |
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Term
| lapse rate for wet/saturated air |
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Definition
.5C/100Meters (high moisture)
.9C/100Meters (low moisture) |
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Term
| stability vs. instability |
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Definition
| stable air molecules will always return to starting point. unstable air will continue to move to find stability. If it's warmer inside an air molecule, the tendency will be for it to be unstable. or rise |
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Term
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Definition
| The state of a column of air in the atmosphere when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the saturation-adiabatic lapse rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| The state of a column of air in the atmosphere when it has a superadiabatic lapse rate of temperature, that is, greater than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate. Also known as autoconvective instability; mechanical instability |
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Term
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Definition
| The state of a column of air in the atmosphere when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the saturation adiabatic lapse rate. |
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Term
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Definition
1) from intense solar heating from below
2) heating of air mass as it passes over a warm surface
3)upward movement of air
-orographic-up a mountain
-frontal wedge
-convergence
4)radiation cooling cloud tops |
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Term
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Definition
1)radiational cooling after sunset
2)cooling air passes over cold surface
3)subsidence of air column |
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Term
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Definition
1802-Lamarack 1st scheme
1803-Howard latin naming scheme
1887-abercromby and Hildebranasson-by height and latin name |
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Term
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Definition
| a visible mass of water droplets or frozen ice crystals suspended in the Earth's atmosphere above the surface of the Earth or other planetary body. |
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Term
| High clouds (above 1900 ft.) |
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Definition
1)Cirrus:
2)Cirrocumulus:
3)Cirrostratus |
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Term
| Middle clouds (6-19,000 ft.) alto |
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Definition
| Altocumulus and Altostratus |
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Term
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Definition
| long bands or contain a series of puffy clouds in rows. mostly liquid water. often dark grey |
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Term
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Definition
| more extensive than cirrostratus b/c of more liquid water. absence of shadows. scatters large amounts of light back to space |
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Term
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Definition
| mostly ice crystals about 1.5km thick. 1mph fall rate. more tails. |
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Term
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Definition
| long rows of 3 individual puffy clouds caused by wind shear "mackeral sky" |
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Term
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Definition
| more extensive horizontally. sunlight shows through. "halo 22 degrees". lower concentration of ice crystals |
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Term
| Low Clouds (below 6,000ft) |
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Definition
| Stratocumulus and Stratus and nimbostratus |
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Term
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Definition
| low layered clouds with some vertical develpment. darkness from below varies. not as uniform as a stratus from below |
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Term
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Definition
| mainly caused by stable air being lifted. horizontal coverage over several states. very slow uplifts. no precipitation because water content is low. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cumulus,cumulonimbus,cumulus congestus |
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Term
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Definition
| cumulus humilius one plume localized heating. "fair weather cumulus" |
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Term
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Definition
| looks like stratus but has light precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
| most violent cloud type. anvil top. stop updrafts. vertical speeds of 50 m/sec (100mph) |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple plumes. last up to 10 minutes |
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Term
| cloud formation fog, dew and clous |
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Definition
| all must have 2 items 1)sat. air 2) surface to form on. |
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Term
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Definition
| hydroscopic and hydrophopic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| radiation and avection and upslope |
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Term
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Definition
| nighttime only, fairly high RH, clear skies, no wind |
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Term
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Definition
| warm moist air over a cold surface, need a certain amount of turbulence |
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Term
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Definition
| moist air moves up a sloping plain, air cools adiabatically |
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Term
| fog formed by evaporation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cool air movs over warm water, fall and early winter |
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Term
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Definition
| warm air lifted over colder air |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Min temp and DP greater than O Celcius |
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Term
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Definition
| min temp less than 0 celsius. DP greater than 0 celsius |
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Term
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Definition
| min temp and DP les than 0 celsius |
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Term
| Bergeron Proces. cold cloud |
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Definition
| liquid water below 0 Celcius until hit ice crystal. saturation vapor pressur lower over ice crystals RH with respect to water is 100% RH w/ repsect to ice is 100% plus |
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Term
| collision and coalescence (warm cloud) |
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Definition
| relative drop size, electrical charge of the droplets, cloud thickness, updrafts of the cloud |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| greater or equal to .5mm droplet |
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Term
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Definition
| plate, column or dendrite |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hits ground as solid, deep freezing layer |
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Term
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Definition
| hits ground as liquid then freezes |
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Term
| incident rays vs. reflected rays |
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Definition
| incident ray reflects in the opposite direction at the same angle as a reflected ray but not refracted ray which goes through the water |
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Term
| primary colors of rainbows |
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Definition
| 40 to 42 degrees. sun-violet over red (flips when passes through lens) |
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Term
| secondary colors of rainbows |
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Definition
| 50 degres red over violet |
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Term
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Definition
| eye taks bent light in on bottom of eye so eye thinks its above horizon (ie: ship) |
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Term
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Definition
| eye takes bent light in on top of eye so eye things it's below horizpon |
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Term
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Definition
| light passes through a thin layer or a cirrus cloud. seen early morning or late afternoon can occur around hoon. 22 degree halo is most common may have 46 degree halo. white |
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Term
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Definition
| ice crystals in a vertical alignment. 2 bright regions. 22 degrees from sun sun usually on horizon |
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Term
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Definition
| viewed near sunrise or sunsent rays are hitting the underside of plates or cap columns. reddish because of the absoption of the rays by the atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| altostratus liquid water. usually sen from airplane. reflection of uniform water droplet. shadow of aircraft in center of halo. size will change as aircraft moves oveer cloud and droplet size changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| sun or moon. bright ring. colored rays. smaller than halo. thin layr of H2O droplets. altostratus cloud. bending of light when rays pass the edge of the cloud |
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