Term
|
Definition
| the increase of the earth's mean temperature that would result because of the increase of green house gases due to to human activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long term change in global, regional or local climate resulting from both enhanced greenhouse gasses and or other human activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reflectivity
1=all radiation reflected
0=all radiation absorbed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when warm moist air moves over a cool surface and the air cools to below its dew point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed when moist stable air flows upward over a topographic barrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produced over land when radiational cooling reduces the air temperature to or below its dew point
also called ground fog/valley fog |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evaporation fog -> cold air moves over warm water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| warm rain evaporates into cold air mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of average speed of molecular motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only thing related to amount of water vapor present in the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| typical wavelength of visible light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most abundant gasses in atmosphere |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| green house gasses are effective emitters of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which layer in atmosphere does temp increase with height? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _____the temperature, the less water the air can hold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wavelength of maximum radiation emission from an object is inversely proportional, hotter you make something, the shorter the wavelengths.
constant divided by temperature of object |
|
|
Term
| If the temperature is 50 degrees Fahrenheit, what is the temperature Celsius? |
|
Definition
2 degrees Celsius
Celsius=Fahrenheit-48 |
|
|
Term
| which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does the sun emit the most intense radiation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| warming in the thermosphere is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at 700mb how much of the atmosphere is below you? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phase change of water from vapor to liquid form |
|
|
Term
| condensation _____ energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if an object is heated to 3 times its original temperature, its total radiant energy will increase by how much |
|
Definition
| 3 to the 4th power...or 81 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observed conditions of the atmosphere at a particular time and place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tilt of earths axis with respect to its orbital plane |
|
|
Term
| because it causes amount of solar radiation at a given point on the earth to vary through an annual cycle obliquity causes _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| obliquity causes seasons because |
|
Definition
| it affects the solar zenith angle |
|
|
Term
| longer days=______ and shorter days=______ |
|
Definition
| more solar radiation; less solar radiation |
|
|
Term
| cloud condensation nuclei |
|
Definition
| hydroscopic aerosol particles in the atmosphere on the order of 0.1mm in diameter. |
|
|
Term
| how are cloud condensation nuclei formed |
|
Definition
sea spray
gas to particle conversion (chemical reactions)
dust from land surface
anthropogenic polution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intrinsic property based on the molecular composition of matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the force of an object to gravitational acceleration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Air pressure at the surface of earth at sea level is defined as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| density and pressure _______ exponentially with height |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for every ____ km in altitude, pressure decreases by a factor of _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (surface-11km) nearly all of what we think of as weather happens here |
|
|
Term
| what is the lapse rate in the troposphere? |
|
Definition
| 6.5degrees celsius per km |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (11=50km) where the ozone layer is located and sun's uv rays are absorbed by photodissociation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (90-500km) ionization of atmospheric gasses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high thin clouds composed of ice crystals, usually indicate fair weather |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small rounded white puffs that may occur individually or in long rows (mackerel sky) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin sheet-like clouds that cover up entire sky, ice crystals in cloud can refract sunlight and produce a halo. This type of cloud can indicate a large amount of moisture in the air |
|
|
Term
| what prefix do "middle clouds" (6500-23000 ft) have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thin clouds composed of mostly water droplets and have rounded masses or rolls.
these appear in parallel bounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
look like little castles and indicate the presence of atmospheric instability.
these clouds in the morning mean thunderstorms at night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
often gray and cover entire sky
sun may be visible
often precede storms w/ wide spread precipitation |
|
|
Term
| low clouds are almost always composed of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dark grey clouds asociated with continuous rain or snow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low lumpy clouds that appear in patches or as rounded masses
not really associated with precipitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uniform greyish cloud that resembles fog |
|
|
Term
| clouds with vertical development indicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fair weather clouds that look like cotton balls and have a flat base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| earth gets ____% more sun in january than july |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intensity of solar energy depends on angle it strikes the earth |
|
|
Term
| if the solar beam is perpendicular |
|
Definition
| zenith angle is zero and sun is more intense |
|
|
Term
| if the solar beam is tilted there is a |
|
Definition
| large zenith angle, and solar energy is weaker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
converging air rises at the equator causing area of thunderstorms.
at upper levels the air is then trapnsported away from the equator, then air sinks and warms compressionally in the subtropics about thirty degrees poleward of where AZ is |
|
|
Term
| the further one is from the tropics the ______ the sun will be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atmosphere is ____% Nitrogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temperature is above freezing through the entire depth of lower troposphere so precipitation is liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temperature is above freezing relatively high above ground allowing falling frozen precipitation to melt and refreeze |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temp is above freezing just above ground so precipitation falls as rain before refreezing just above surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temperature of precipitation is below freezing entire depth of lower troposphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air crosses continental divide in the rocky mountains and descends into great plains. it then warms by adiabatic compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase temp, the radiation energy released is how many times temp was increased to the fourth power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air crosses the continental divide in rocky mountains and decends into the great plains |
|
|
Term
| in the mid latitudes where would the formation of clouds and precipitation be most likely with respect to the position of an upper-level trough |
|
Definition
| to the east of the upper-level trough |
|
|
Term
| ice crystals in the presence of supercooled water drops in a cloud will grow because the saturation vapor pressure of water is ______ than that of the ice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a coastal area like florida typically during the day air rises over the land and the winds blow________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| newtons second law of motion statess that |
|
Definition
| acceleration that an object experiences is proportional to the net force applied to it. |
|
|
Term
| in what direction does energy flow in a single cell model of the general circulation |
|
Definition
| from equator to the poles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have flat bases, lumpy cotton ball tops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| low lying cloud just above the ground |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small rounded puffy clouds that cause mackerel sky |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with large areas of steady light to moderate precipitation |
|
|
Term
| dry adiabatic lapse rate is approximately _____ degrees celsius per km |
|
Definition
|
|
