Term
|
Definition
Enlightenment philosopher
Wrote Two Treatises of Civil Government
Thought w/o gov’t there would be a state of nature
people must consent to gov’t |
|
|
Term
| What are the disadvantages of a state of nature? |
|
Definition
1. Strong pick on weak
2. Weaker band together to beat strong
3. No protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give up natural rights to form gov’t to protect other natural rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Roman Republic was example
• Roman people governed themselves, but chose leaders
• Aristocrats worked with commoners
o Citizens have power
o Elect representatives
o Representatives serve the common good |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people are good and help the community Cincinnatus - George Washington was American Cincinnatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Separation of powers of government
o Balance the powers of branches
o Give branches checks on each |
|
|
Term
| Founders wanted to promote civic virtue |
|
Definition
| Taught values in church, school, and home |
|
|
Term
| What is constitutional government? |
|
Definition
• Constitution sets rules for gov. Higher law.
• Constitution answers
o Purposes Organization Rules of gov
• Powers are limited by the constitution |
|
|
Term
| 5 important characteristics of constitutional government |
|
Definition
1. Lists rights of citizens
2. Lists responsibilities of gov’t
3. Limits powers of government
Protects citizen’s rights, property
Handles conflict
4. Protects private domain
5. People must consent to changes in gov’t |
|
|
Term
| How to Prevent abuse of power |
|
Definition
Separation of powers into different branches
Checks and balances in those three branches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Executive (enforces laws)
Legislative (makes laws) (Congress has 2 houses – Senate and House of Representatives)
Judicial –( interprets laws) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
President – vetoes and signs laws
Congress – overrides vetoes (2/3 vote)
Removes president through impeachment
Supreme Court – declare laws unconstitutional |
|
|
Term
| Feudalism had 3 classes, name them and how much power they had |
|
Definition
o Royalty – most power
o Nobility – lords – some power
o Common people – merchants to serfs – had some $ but little power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• (great charter) –King John signed- 1215
o Said gov’ts are agreement between ruler and subjects (like social contract)
o King must follow law
o King couldn’t take nobles’ property |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• started 1258 – 2 houses
o Lords – nobles
o Commons – regular people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• – 1689
o People can carry weapons
o free speech
o No cruel punishments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constitution-constrains power of government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Legislatures
o Governors
o Magistrates – judges
checks and balances |
|
|
Term
| Representative government |
|
Definition
| most people with property could vote |
|
|
Term
| When did the British start paying attention to the colonies? |
|
Definition
| After the French and Indian War |
|
|
Term
| What sorts of laws and problems did the British make for the colonists? |
|
Definition
1. Proclamation of 1763
2. Stamp Act
3. Boston Massacre
4. Tea Act
5. Intolerable Acts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
– unofficial government
Declares independence, issues money, picks George Washington to lead |
|
|
Term
| Declaration of Independence |
|
Definition
- 1776
• Basically written by Thomas Jefferson, as head of committee
o B. Franklin, J Adams |
|
|
Term
| What were the four sections of the Declaration of Independence? |
|
Definition
o Ideals
o Arguments
o Complaints against king
o Conclusion |
|
|
Term
| What ideals did the DoI include? |
|
Definition
• –“all men are created equal”
o Life liberty and the pursuit of happiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
We fought Revolution – 2nd continental congress set rules, raised money by asking for it.
New states had governments like colonial governments – believed in legislative supremacy, except Massachusetts
of Confederation governed weakly |
|
|
Term
| What was the legislature with one house? |
|
Definition
Confederation Congress
States wanted to keep all the power |
|
|
Term
| Achievements under the Articles |
|
Definition
1. Won the Revolution
2. Signed a peace treaty (Treaty of Paris 1783) which gave us independence
3. Created the Northwest Ordinance –prepare new territory for statehood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. no money and no right to tax
2. No president
3. No way to make the states obey it
4. No way to regulate trade between states –
5. No way to pay an army |
|
|
Term
| What limited the effectiveness of the Articles? |
|
Definition
| Any changes to the Articles required all 13 states to agree. Any new laws required 9 |
|
|
Term
| What convinced people that a stronger Constitution was necessary? |
|
Definition
|
|
