Term
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Definition
| The common cold, pharyngitis, laryngitis and influenza are all (upper/lower) respiratory infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| Croup, tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia are all (upper/lower) respiratory infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: The common cold, influenza, croup and tracheobronchitis are all caused by viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia can be caused by both viruses and bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Fever is rare with the common cold. |
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Term
| rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction |
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Definition
| ___ and ___ are the most common complaints with patients suffering from the common cold. |
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Term
| rhinovirus and coronavirus |
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Definition
| ___ and ___ are the two major viruses responsible for the common cold. |
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Term
| rhinovirus (Rhino begins with R = RNA; rhinos don't need envelopes = unenveloped) |
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Definition
| ____ is a common-cold causing virus from the family Picornaviridae. It is a non-enveloped RNA virus. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a family of small RNA viruses including rhinovirus. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are common cold causing viruses that come from the family coronaviridae. They are enveloped RNA viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ peak in late spring/early fall and account for more summer colds. They cause a localized infection limited to the nose |
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Term
| h. influenza / s. pneumoniae |
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Definition
| Bacterial sinusitis is caused by ____ ____. Bacterial otitis media is caused by ___ ___. These are complications of a rhinovirus cold. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is not a good candidate for a vaccine because secretory IgA is required for protection and it has a short half life. Also, there are multiple serotypes and apparent antigenic drift. The most promising antigen is inaccessible to antibody. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ in man causes URT disease and enteric disease in infants. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ cold's IP is longer and the duration of the illness is somewhat shorter than the other virus that causes the common cold. Asymptomatic infections are common and it is primarily seen in winter and early spring. |
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Term
| severe acute respiratory syndrome |
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Definition
| ___ ___ ___ ___ is an acute respiratory distress syndrome and can be fatal. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ are single-stranded RNA that is segmented. You would see 7-8 segments in the nucleus. It is helical with an envelope that contains two glycoprotein spikes. |
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Term
| hemagglutinin and neuraminidase |
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Definition
| ____ and ___ are the two glycoproteins found on orthomyxoviruses. |
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Term
| hemagglutinin / neuraminidase |
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Definition
| ____ causes RBCs to stick together. This is orthomyxoviridae's viral attachment protein. ____ is an enzyme that keeps the virus from sticking together and assists in exiting from host cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Influenza virus __ infects humans, swine, horses, marine mammals and birds. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ is a VAP which promotes fusion of a viral envelope to the cell membrane. It also agglutinates RBCs and elicits a protective neutralizing antibody response. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ mutations derived changes responsible for antigenic drift/shift. There are 15 subtypes. |
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Term
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Definition
| H_/_/_ are major hemagglutinin subtypes infecting man. |
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Term
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Definition
| H_N_ is the strain of avian infection that was transmitted to humans in 1998. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ cleaves sialic acid on glycoproteins. It also prevents clumping and appears to facilitate the release of virions from infected cells. There are 9 subtypes. |
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Term
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Definition
| N_/_ are responsible for disease in man. |
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Term
| mutation = genetic drift, reassortment = genetic shift |
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Definition
| Mutation --> genetic ____ resulting in new strains. Two strands infect single cell and reassortment of segments --> genetic ___ which promotes pandemics. |
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Term
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Definition
| __ are world-wide whereas ___ are local outbreaks of infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____'s systemic symptoms include fever, malaise, chills, headache, and anorexia. It's respiratory symptoms include a dry cough, coryza, pharyngitis and horseness. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is congestion and is a symptom of respiratory influenza. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patients with ___ disease often experience viral pneumonia progressing from class influenza. It may also be seen in healthy young patients. |
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Term
| secondary bacterial pneumoniae |
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Definition
| ___ ___ ___ is seen in elderly or debilitated patients suffering from chronic pulmonary disease. It is caused by strep penumoniae, staph aureus and h. influenzae as a complication of influenza. |
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Term
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Definition
| Children aged ___-___ months, pregnant women, people ___ yrs+ or people with certain chronic medical conditions are deemed high risk for complications or severe disease and should be vaccinated for influenza. Caregivers for these groups of people should also be vaccinated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Women who will be in which trimesters of their pregnancy during flu season should be vaccinated? |
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Term
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Definition
| The influenza vaccine is recommended for people __ months -__ yrs of age, people in the high risk categories and people caring for those high risk patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| Time of death from onset of symptoms of the avian flu is ___ ___. Symptoms include fever, cough, dypsnea, diarrhea |
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Term
| oseltamivir and zanamivir |
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Definition
| The antivirals ___ and ___ are the treatment of choice for symptomatic avian flu. |
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Term
| amantadine and rimantadine |
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Definition
| ____ and ____ are effective against influenza A viruses only. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ inhibitors interfere with the release of virions from host cells. These drugs are approved for treatment of influenza A and B infections. |
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Term
| zanamivir and oseltamivir (aka tamiflu) |
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Definition
| ___ and ___ are neuraminidase inhibitors. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a neuroaminidase inhibitor that is inhaled while ___ is given orally in pill form. |
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Term
| 1st true, 2nd false! It has adverse reactions that are similar to symptoms of influenza. |
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Definition
| T/F: Zanamivir treats influenza with a dosage of bid -- 5 days. It has no adverse reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| H__N__ virus is resistant to amatadine and rimantadine so a neuraminidase inhibitor is recommended. |
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Term
| 1. allergy to eggs 2. severe reaction to influenza vaccine in past 3. infants less than 6 months |
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Definition
| What are some contraindications for patients considering the live/attenuated influenza vaccine? |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Antiviral agents for influenza are an adequate substitute for the vaccine. |
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Term
| killed = IM, live = intranasally |
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Definition
| The inactivated vaccine is given (intranasally/IM) and cannot cause the flu. The live/attenuated vaccine is given (intranasally/IM) and may cause mild illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| The H__N__ virus was responsible for the 1918 influenza pandemic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pharyngoconjunctival fever is caused by ___viruses. The outbreaks occur mostly in summer and cause an acute onset conjunctivitis/pharyngitis/rhinitis/cervical adenitis/fever lasting 3-5 days. |
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Term
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Definition
| Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is caused by ____viruses and is spread via roller towels and ophthalmic solutions. It is frequently bilateral. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses/echoviruses, HSV, VZV, cytomegalovirus and vaccinia all cause ___ viral infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is not segmented and replicates entirely in the cytoplasm. Viruses causing measles, mumps, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus are part of this family. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinfection of ____ viruses (family paramyxovirus) occur in adults. It is an URTI. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ virus (family paramyxoviridae) is a LRTI that occurs annually in winter. It is prevalent in young children and is highly contagious. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ was approved for treatement of RSV infection in children. |
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Term
| mumps, caused by paramyxovirus |
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Definition
| ___ is also known as epidemic parotitis with an IP of 2-3 weeks. Symptoms include earache and tenderness/enlargement of salivary gland. |
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Term
| 71% = common, 34% = plantar |
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Definition
| 71% of cutaneous HPV are ___ warts and 34% are ___ warts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Warts have an IP of __-__ months. Virions are released as dead keratinocytes are shed. |
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Term
| common = 1/2; condyloma acuminatum = 6/11 |
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Definition
| Common/plantar warts are caused by HPV __/__. Condyloma acuminatum (found in genital tract and oral cavity) is caused by HPV __/__. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ cause epithelial tumors of the skin and mucous membranes and have been associated with genital tract malignancies such as cervical cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ family contains papillomaviruses and polyoma viruses. It is nonenveloped, icosahedral and contains double stranded DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is the major cause of febrile seizures in infants. It is more commonly manifested by infantile fever without a rash. |
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Term
| roseola, roseola infantum |
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Definition
| ___ is caused by human herpesvirus 6 and may be continuously shed in saliva. It is also known as ___ infantum/6th disease and may correspond with 3-5 days of a high fever. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viremia of ___ ___ coincides with the prodrome. Once the rash appears, the child is no longer infectious. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ has no suitable method of virus isolation and is generally diagnosed by rash. |
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Term
| fetal infection leading to death |
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Definition
| What is the main concern of Parvovirus B19? |
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Term
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Definition
| Parvovirus B19 can cause ___ in women mainly in small joints and lasts 1-3 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| During the 2nd stage of ___ ___ presents with a lacey rash and the child is no longer infectious. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is also known as 5th disease and usually presents as a mild rash of short duration. Its IP is 2 weeks with a nonspecific prodrome. 2-5 days following prodrome child has slap-cheek rash and circumoral pallor. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ affects children in temperate climates and is generally spread by respiratory route. |
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Term
| aplastic crisis, persistent anemia |
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Definition
| Parvovirus may lead to ___ in patients with high RBC turnover rate and ____ in immunocompromised patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ ___ is acute and self-limited which may lead to aplastic crisis in patients with high RBC turnover or persistent anemia in immunocompromised patients. |
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Term
| Parvoviridae, Parvovirus B19 |
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Definition
| The family ____ is responsible for the smallest of all human DNA viruses. ____ ___ is a member that causes bocavirus (LRTIs) in children. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is caused by group A/B coxsackieviruses. It manifests into a vescicular enanthem of fauces and soft palate and causes summer outbreaks in children. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hand/foot/mouth lesions disease is caused by ____virus A16. It has a distinctive vesicular eruption on the buccal mucosa, tongue, and hard palate. 75% of patients also have cutaneous lesions mostly on hands/feet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exanthems and enanthems are often seen in ___ as epidemics. They are highly contagious and caused by a variety of enteroviruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are stable at pH 3 and are part of the family Picornaviridae. They cause conjunctivitis and hand/foot/mouth disease among other things. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enteroviruses and rhinoviruses are part of the family ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ are icosahedral and non-enveloped. They replicate in the cytoplasm and contain entereoviruses and rhinoviruses. |
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Term
| Live attenuated vaccine for MMR |
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Definition
| Measles, Mumps and Rubella are all vaccinated by a (live/killed) vaccine. |
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Term
| Rubella / German Measles caused by Togaviridae |
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Definition
| A high arched palate, delated tooth eruption and enamel dysplasia are all manifestations of congenital ____. |
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Term
| Rubella / German Measles caused by Togaviridae |
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Definition
| ___ is a systemic infection with an IP of 2-3 weeks that is often asymptomatic. The patient may have petechial lesions on the palate and the virus sheds for approximately 1 month. |
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Term
| Rubella / German Measles caused by Togaviridae |
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Definition
| ___ = also also known as German measles, is caused by a family of viruses called Togaviridae. It causes severe birth defects when infection occurs during the 1st/2nd trimester. |
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Term
| measles, caused by morbillivirus |
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Definition
| ___ is present in the saliva 3-4 days before and 2-3 days after the rash appears. It may lead to otitis media, which is the most common complication. |
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Term
| measles, caused by morbillivirus |
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Definition
| ___ = rubeola which causes a systemic infection with an IP of 9-14 days. The prodome includes intraoral lesions known as Koplik's spots and a maculopapular rash. |
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Term
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Definition
| __anthem = rash ouside on skin, __anthem = rash inside/intraoral |
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Term
| macule, papule, vesicle, pustule, crust/ulcer |
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Definition
| CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRAL RASHES: ___ = red, ___ = raised, ___ = contain clear liquid, ___ = contain milky liquid, ___/___ = last stage - dealing with skin/mucous membranes. |
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Term
| mumps, caused by paramyxovirus |
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Definition
| ___ is present in the saliva for 1-6 days before and 4-5 days after the onset of parotitis. It was the most common cause of meningitis before the vaccine was discovered. Also causes epididymoorchitis in postpubertal males. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ treats respiratory syncytial virus and is used for passive immunization in premature infants. |
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Term
| Respiratory syncytial virus |
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Definition
| ___ ___ virus is a LRTI that occurs annually in winter. It is highly contagious and virtually all children have been infected by the age of 4yrs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinfections of ___ viruses occur in adults with milder symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Laryngotracheobroncitis (croup), pneumonia/bronchilitis and URTIs are all ____ viruses caused by paramyxyovirus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paramyxoviridae replicate entirely in the ____. |
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Term
| morbillivirus, paramyxovirus, pneumovirus |
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Definition
| Human paramyxoviruses include ___ (measles), ___ (mumps/parainfluenza virus) and ___ (respiratory syncytial virus). |
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Term
| Morbillivirus = measles, paramyxovirus = mumps and parainfluenza, pneumovirus = respiratory syncytial |
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Definition
| Morbillivirus causes ___. Paramyxovirus causes ___ and ___ viruses. Pneuomovirus causes ___ ___ virus. |
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