Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class do avians fall under? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two orders are commonly kept as pets? |
|
Definition
| Psittaciformes and Passeriformes |
|
|
Term
Name 7 orders and their examples (discussed in class) out of the 27 known:
|
|
Definition
- Psittaformes (Psittacines)-Budgie, Macaw
- Passeriformes(Songbirds)-Canaries, Finch
- Anseriformes(Waterfowl)-Ducks, Geese
- Ciconiformes(Waterbirds)-Flamingo, Crane, Heron
- Falconiformes (Raptors)-Eagles, Hawks
- Galliformes (Fowl)-Chicken, Turkey
|
|
|
Term
| What avian is probably the easiest to handle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Passerines (Canaries and Finches) are known not to be tolerant of handling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All avians produce eggs this is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Most birds have adaptations for flight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These feathers orginate from the radius and ulna: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These feathers produce powder down and help with insulation: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between pterylae and apterylae? |
|
Definition
| Pterylae is feathered tracts and apterylae has featherless tracts. |
|
|
Term
| AKA the wing web that aids in flexability and aerodynamics: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Avians have thin skin making it difficult to suture them which why this type of suture is needed: |
|
Definition
| Small suture (4-0 or 5-0) |
|
|
Term
| This is also known as the preen/oil gland and is located at the base of the tail: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The preferred muscle for injections it is located along the sternum and provides attachment of the pectoral muscles: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proximal bones that are air-filled whoch connect to the respiratory tract to help lighten the weight of the skeleton: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bones are examples of pneumatic bones? |
|
Definition
- Femur
- Humerus
- Some Vertebrae
|
|
|
Term
True or False
The ulna has a longer diameter than the radius. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shunting of blood from the caudal half of the animal to the kidneys prior to reaching the liver and the heart is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chamber of the heart do avians have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary nitrogenous waste products in avians? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Avians have a bladder and urethra |
|
Definition
False
Remember: The ureters empty into the cloaca which is the common emptying chamber for GI |
|
|
Term
| Which sense is highly developed in avians? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eyes make up what percent of a bird's body weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The iris is made up of what? |
|
Definition
| Voluntary striated muscle |
|
|
Term
| What bones support the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would a technician not want to have the cuff inflated when using an endotracheal tube? |
|
Definition
| Avians have a large trachea with complete rings and if a cuff is inflated it can result in tracheal necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Sound producing structure just cranial to bufurcation of trachea: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many air sacs are present in the majority of avians? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This must move in and out to compensate for the lack of a diaphragm: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A V-shaped opening on the roof of the mouth lined with papillae which communicates with the nasal passageways: |
|
Definition
Choanal Slit
Note: A culture of this site can help in the detection of upper respiratory pathogens |
|
|
Term
True or False
The digestive system varies with species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Avians do not have a diaphragm to differentiate between the cavites instead they have a common one called the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The true glandular stomach: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
The Esophagus is greatly expanded in some avians to form the crop which stores food. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is also known as the gizzard: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The feces of parrots contain what gram microbe? |
|
Definition
Gram Positive Microbes
Note: A Cloacal culture may revea the prescence of GI pathogens this does not conclude that gram negative indicates disease. |
|
|
Term
True or False
It is not normal for some avian species to regurgitate pellets formed by the gizzard. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are normal avian droppings called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Female avians usually have only a functional left ovary, not all females lay eggs and some may do this excessively. Are females homogamete or heterogamete? |
|
Definition
Heterogamete ZW
Remember: Males are Homogamete ZZ |
|
|
Term
| What is the average incubation temperature for a clutch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what tube should avian blood be collected in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Birds do not have platelets, they have thrombocytes only. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mammals have neutrophils, avians have ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Instead of having RBCs similar to mammalians they are similar to reptilaians which can be generally described as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When restraining any avian you should take into to consideration to avoid having this from happening: |
|
Definition
| Applying to much pressure ot the sternum restricting sternal movement cutting off their air supply |
|
|
Term
| Seed diets provide poor nutrition and pelleted food are recommended but offering ____ diets is the key to overall complete nutrition. |
|
Definition
Diverse diets
Remember: Fresh Water should always be offered |
|
|
Term
| Which anesthetic inhalant is the inhalant of choice for anesthesia in avians? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The "tail bob" is indicative of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When handling waterbirds it is important you wear these: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This instrument aids in restraining avians: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When retraining a bird for a wing trimming you want to grasp where? |
|
Definition
| Grasp the wing at the carpal joint |
|
|
Term
| This instrument is used for beak and nail trimmings: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These two types of administration area preferred when administering medication: |
|
Definition
- Oral (liquid)
- Injection (IM)
|
|
|
Term
| This is the best way assess hydration in avians: |
|
Definition
| Vein Refill Time (Basilic Vein) |
|
|
Term
| This feather is an immature feather with prominent blood supply and appears darker at the shaft compared to other feathers: |
|
Definition
Bood Feather
Remember: You do not want to clip these |
|
|
Term
| Which site will give use the best yield when collecting blood? |
|
Definition
| Right jugular vein because it is 2/3 larger than the left |
|
|
Term
| Performed to diagnose infection of the lower GI tract: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
The amount of blood that can be safely collected is 1% of the body weight. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An egg failing to pass the oviduct at a normal rate can be determined with an x-ray and be treated with manual delivery or +/- hydration. What non-infectious disease is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fractures, dislocations, bite wounds, ceiling fan injuries and "bumble foot" are all examples of this non-infectious disease: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stress, improper molting, boredom and ectoparasites can all be causes of this non- infectious disease: |
|
Definition
| Feather Plucking Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Excessive egg laying may lead to this: |
|
Definition
| It may deplete the body of Calcium |
|
|
Term
True or False
Vomiting and regurgitation may be normal behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two most common metal toxins that effect birds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This can occur due to a bird eating an all seed diet which can be noticed by a blunted choanal papillae: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| African Greys are predisposed to this and is often presented with seizures: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neonates are predisposed to this if gruel is given to them and it is too hot (>105°F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Excessive iron in the liver occurs commonly in toucans, mynahs and starlings is known as: |
|
Definition
| Haemochromatosis (Iron storage Disease) |
|
|
Term
| Uric acid desposition around the joints, pericardial sac and other visceral organs this is common in psttacines and treatment is unsuccessful: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can be mild to severe caused by perches not varying in diameter and poor husbandry, common in overweight birds: |
|
Definition
| Bumblefoot "pododermatitis" |
|
|
Term
| A reportable zoonotic disease also known as ornithosis it is diagnosed by blood work and has known to be associated with bright green droppings: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In birds this is called air sacculitis and is caused bacterial or enivormental and can be treated wit O2(nebulizer): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Caused by mycobacterium avium and has zoonotic potential and is diagnosed by acid fast test on feces or a biopsy: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Papovavirus, cause causes papillomas to form in the digestive system and treated with removal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| H5N1 caused by orthomyxovirus clinical signs are respiratory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common pox that is transmitted via the mosquito or through broken skin and its only treatment is supportive care because only some species hav vax available |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Caused by herpes virus and results in sudden death conures are resistant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polyomavirus that affects young birds and has no treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circovirus shed in feces and feather it causes beak and feather abnormalities |
|
Definition
| Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease |
|
|
Term
| Fungal infection casued by moldy food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contagious and fatal to all species of birds and has no specific clinical signs and is reportable |
|
Definition
Exotic Newcastle Disease
"END" |
|
|
Term
| This infectious disease is part of the Flaviviridae family |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paralysis of nerves in the proventriculus cause the bird to not be able to digest food and the virus that causes this is unknown |
|
Definition
| Proventricular Dilation Disease |
|
|
Term
| Reptiles fall under what class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All turtles fall under what order? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Snakes and Lizards are in the order squamata what are their individual suborders? |
|
Definition
Snakes: Serpentes
Lizards: Sauria |
|
|
Term
| Reproduce without prescence of an male |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Cold blooded" metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Having four limbs or being descended from four-limbed ancestors: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tree dwelling in need of more vertical space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Land dwelling in need of more horizontal space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which reptilian order is the most primitive group of living reptiles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dorsal part of a chelonia shell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ventral part of a chelonian shell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Keratinized epithelium covering the bones of the shell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Chelonians have no diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chelonians have how many chambers in the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Chelonians digestive tract empties into the____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chelonians are similar to birds when it come to blood but instead of heterophils have unique cells to reptiles called_____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main cause of metabolic bone disease? |
|
Definition
| Lack of UV lighting and diet (imroper Ca:P) |
|
|
Term
| Conjuctivitis, blepharitis, nasal discharge, dyspea and ear abscesses are all clinical signs of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zoonotic bacterial infection with which younger children and immunocompromised people are commonly affected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infection of the shell involoving the loss of scutes, can be wet or dry and is treated with topicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shell cracks and an overgrown beak are examples of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the most common presentations of disease a chelonian has? |
|
Definition
Respiratory Disease
Remember: Turtles can't cough |
|
|
Term
| Lethargy, swollen joints, anorexia are all clinical signs of? |
|
Definition
Gout
Note: Treatment is unrewarding |
|
|
Term
| Anorexia, bloody discharge from the cloaca, lethargy and straining are clinical signs for this chelonian disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Not completely understood and is a common problem and may be linked to improper diet: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Parenteral drugs are not preferred for Chelonian anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Best place for the largest yield for blood collection in chelonians |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Only 1% of blood can be taken from chelonians |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood tube should reptilian blood be collected in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of the family boiids? |
|
Definition
| Pythons and Boa constrictors |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of the family Colubrids? |
|
Definition
| King snakes and ratsnakes |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common method of locomotion in snakes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This snake bone is elongated and very mobile and contributes greatly to their ability to swallow very large prey/items: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Snakes are solitary animals that should be ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eyelids fuse together to form a transparent spectacle this is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heart position in snakes is directly related to habitat. Arboreal and terrestrial species heart is located closer to the head while marine and aquatic species hearts are located where: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Snakes and saurians have help with respiration from: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ideally captive snakes should be fed: |
|
Definition
| Humanely killed thawed prey |
|
|
Term
| The vomeronasal sense plays a major role in predation and behavior and is also known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a probe is inserted to determine the sex of a snake and the probe travels 9-15 subcaudal scales the sex of the snake is most likely: |
|
Definition
MALE
Remember: If a probe was inserted and only enters 1-3 subcaudal scale the snake would be female |
|
|
Term
True or False
Snakes have a bladder |
|
Definition
False
Remember: Sauriand have a bladder snakes do not |
|
|
Term
| At what temperature do most reptilians hibernate around? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some sights you can obtain blood from a snake? |
|
Definition
- Tails vein located on the midline
- Cardiac
- Palatine vessels of the mouth (buccal)
- Ventral abdominal
|
|
|
Term
| How should a snake be transported to a clinic? |
|
Definition
| In a breathable fabric knot tied bag |
|
|
Term
| Mouth rot is also known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unlike snakes when ecdysis takes place saurians shed in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some species can release skin in response to stress like some saurians ability to shed tails what is this called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Changing the reflectivity of light resulting in color change these saurians are called |
|
Definition
Chromatophores
Examples: Chamaeleo and Anolis |
|
|
Term
| Classified as a rodent this animal is closely related to the Guinea Pig and native to andes mountains of South America. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common chinchilla in the pet trade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chinchillas have dense fur that are considered hypoallergenic and resistant to ectoparasites you should not expose them to water bathes but does this instead. |
|
Definition
Dust bath
Note: Several commercial dust baths are available, but can be made with cornstarch and talc powder mixed with sand. |
|
|
Term
True or False
Ferrets and chinchillas have no sweat glands predisposing them to hyperthermia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In chinchillas this is a distinctive feature for each individual no matter how closely related. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which animals has a stomach similar to a horse and the digestive tract that is very long with a large cecum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Testicles in the male chinchilla do not descend and have a small bone that supports the penis during copulation. In females the ___ is visible from the outside, and there are no labial folds present. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the chinchilla gestation period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chinchillas should be housed in a ___heat and humidity enviornment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chinchillas are strictly ____. While a ferret is strictly a ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmissible through contaminated hay what is this zoonotic disease that chinchilla's can pass to us? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chinchillas are corpuscular which means: |
|
Definition
Most active at dusk and dawn
Note: Nocturnal |
|
|
Term
| Ferrets can be scruffed unlike chinchilas that should be restrained what way? |
|
Definition
| Support chest and shoulders while holding the base of the tail and the hind legs |
|
|
Term
| What are the vitals for chinchillas? |
|
Definition
Temperature: 97-102°F
Heart Rate: 200-350 bpm
Respiratory Rate: 40-80 rpm |
|
|
Term
| A chinchilla can live up to 15-20 years a ferret however has a life span of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ferret groups in the wild are called business what are chinchilla wild groups called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In chinchilla and ferrets this venipuncture site holds the best yield. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ferrets fall under the family___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Ferret females tend to be larger than males. |
|
Definition
False
Note: This is true however for chinchillas. |
|
|
Term
| Anal glands are not technically the cause of the "musky" odor the _____is. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ferrets have a 41-42 gestation period like chinchillas their juveniles are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a ferrets temperature and heart rate range? |
|
Definition
Temperature: 100-104°F
Heart rate: 180-250 bpm |
|
|
Term
| What is the only zoonotic documented disease of ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Also known as "green lime disease" this debilating disease effects both young and old ferrets. |
|
Definition
| Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis |
|
|
Term
| Common ferret cancer of the pancreas, very challenging to manage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| May be linked to pre-pubescent altering this is difficult to treat and can be benign or malignant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The distemper vaccination for ferrets is given at 8,11 and 14 weeks and then is given anually but immunity lasts for how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rabies is very rare in ferrets but is one of the required vaccines how often is this given. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the amphibians?
- Carnivorus
- Metamorphosis during development
- Endothermic
- Start off life as gilled larvae
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amphibians evoloved from: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Frogs and toads are part of the order: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements regarding frogs and salamanders is false?
- They are not considered dangerous to domestic dogs and cats
- Some possess large parotid glands dorsally on the head that excrete toxins
- They should all be considered potentially dangerous to dogs and cats
- They have many modalities of respiration
|
|
Definition
| They are not considered dangerous to domestic dogs and cats |
|
|
Term
| Why are many frogs brightly colored? |
|
Definition
- They are practicing mimcry
- They are poisonous
- It discourages predators due to a learned behavior
|
|
|
Term
| Buccopharyngeal respiration: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the best place to obtain the maximum about of blood from a frog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is the cause of "red leg" in frogs?
- Chytridiomycosis
- Coccidiosis
- Aeromonas
- Rhabdias
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a frog's skin?
- Ecdysis occurs
- It lacks glands
- Contains a waxy substance that protects against dehydration
- It is semipermeable
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do most amphibians lay eggs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hedgehogs are part of which taxonomical order? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sense(s) are highly developed in the hedgehog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hedgehogs appear to be resistant to which of the following?
- Many toxins
- Radiation
- Antibiotics
- Temperatures
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The face, underbody and legs of a hedgehog are covered with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The defense posture of a hedgehog: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the following statements are false regarding husbandry except:
- They are best housed in small groups of 3 or 4
- They are best housed alone
- They will typically thrive better in large groups
- It is best to house them in pairs of the same sex
|
|
Definition
| They are best housed alone |
|
|
Term
A major part of the hedgehogs diet could consist of all follwing except:
- Insects
- Kitten food
- Worms
- Vegetables
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Average life span of a hedgehog in the wild: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the following are common medical problems associated with hedghogs except:
- Dermatological conditions
- Ophthalmic trauma
- Lameness
- Malocclusion
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With regards to husbandry, hedgehogs should be provided with all of the following except:
- A substrate such as pine or aspen
- Water bowls
- PVC piping
- Rabbit water bottles
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most wildlife injuries are a direct result of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animals must be able to truly function as a wild animals by: |
|
Definition
- Finding food
- Selecting mates
- Reproducing
- Showing appropriate fears
|
|
|
Term
True or False
One should never instruct the caller to care for the handling on their own. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When you have a clear policy you do not want to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You do not want to euthanize an endangered species without contacting: |
|
Definition
| Local and federal authorities for authorization |
|
|
Term
| Animals identifying with another species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animals becoming socialized to humans by association with foods or other comforts over a prolonged period of time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stage of development between nesting and fledgling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Healthy diurnal birds should be fed how often in a day? |
|
Definition
Once a day during the day
Remember: Owls are fed once a day in the evening |
|
|
Term
| How frequent should young avians be fed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hatched and featherless birds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opening beak wide in order to be fed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Baby squirrels can be released when they are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Babby rabbits can be released when they are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Baby opossum can be released when they are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Baby deer can be released when they are: |
|
Definition
| Weaned, this should be done in groups |
|
|
Term
| Baby raccoons can be released when they are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When releasing an animal you want to release them where? |
|
Definition
| If possible, at there founding site |
|
|
