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| The seated sculpture of President Lincoln inside the Lincoln Memorial was carved out of white Georgia marble. What type of rock is marble? |
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| What geologic process changes pieces of rock, minerals, and other material into Sedimentary rock? |
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| Rocks melt at what temperature change? |
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| The Mount Rushmore National Monument is carved from the granite of South Dakota's Black Hills. What type of rock is granite? |
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| The interrelationship among the three rock types is identified as? |
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| What geologic process can change granite (igneous rock) into gneiss (metamorphic rock)? |
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| Which characteristic is common to extrusive igneous rocks? |
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Definition
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| Which characteristic is common to metamorphic rock? |
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| Which characteristic is found in sedimentary rocks? |
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| What type of igneous rock make up most of the ocean floor? |
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| Volcanic eruptions can range from _________________ to _____________________. |
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Definition
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| All kinds of eruptions have effects on people and environment can be both _______________ and _______________. |
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Definition
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| What are 2 examples of material that ejects during an eruption? |
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Definition
| molten rock / fragments of rock |
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| Fine fragments of rock are called ________________. |
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Definition
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Ash only affects people close to the volcanic eruptions?
True or False |
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Definition
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| Volcanic eruptions can also contaminate ____________ supplies, cause ______________, and collapse _______________. |
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Definition
| water / electrical stroms / roofs |
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Term
Volcanoes can explode sideways.
true or false
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 catastrophic events that may accompany a volcano? |
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Definition
| earthquakes, flash floods, rock falls, mudflows, luhar, tsunamis |
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Term
| Mudflows can move _________ than people can run and bridges in the path of these flows can be ____________________. |
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Definition
| faster / destroyed instantly |
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Term
| A lahar happens when _____________________. |
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Definition
| rain falls through clouds of ash or when rivers become choked with falling volcanic debris |
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Term
| What two ways can a volcano cause a tsunami? |
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Definition
1. The collapse of an island during a volcano eruption
2. the dumping of heavy loads of volcanic ? |
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Term
| Volcanoes cause severe weather related events such as: |
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Definition
| lightning / thunderstorms / whirlwinds |
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Term
| Volcanic eruption can melt _____________ and ____________ which can lead to ________________ and ___________________. |
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Definition
| snow / glaciers / flooding / landslides |
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Term
| Many volcanic areas have permanent _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name at least three uses of hot springs: |
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Definition
| provide recreation, geothermal energy, heat buildings |
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Term
| Volcanoes provide a _________ of natural ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Basalt is a raw material used as a __________ agent. |
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Definition
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| Volcanic ash enriches ____________________________. |
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Definition
| the soil with mineral nutrients |
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| Name 3 minerals from in molten rock: |
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Definition
| nickel / chromium / platinum |
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Term
| What is obsidian? What is it used for? |
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Definition
| It's volcanic glass used for fine stone work. |
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Term
| Volcanoes also create _____________. |
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Definition
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| Volcanoes affect the ___________ of our oceans and _____________. Floods create sandy beaches along _______________. Earthquakes, as well as volcanoes, _____________ and ______________ mountains. |
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Definition
| compisition / atmosphere / riverbanks / create & shape |
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Term
| Type of rock that changes due to extreme heat and pressure. |
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Definition
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| Created when it rains through ash clouds: |
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Definition
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| Type of eruption that builds lands over time: |
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Definition
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Term
| When an oceanic plate sinks under a continental plate: |
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Definition
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| Name of volcano that preserved Pompeii: |
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Definition
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Term
| Process that formed the Hawaiian Islands: |
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Definition
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| Type of volcano that is tall and steep: |
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Definition
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| Fine rock fragments from volcanic eruption: |
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Definition
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| Magma that has reached Earth's surface: |
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Definition
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| Volcanoes make soil fertile by providing this ______________. |
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Definition
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| Where 90% of volcanoes are found: |
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Definition
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| Type of rock that is formed by cooled magma: |
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Definition
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Term
| Volcanic bombs, lapilli, and ash are all types of this: |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of volcano that erodes easily: |
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Definition
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Term
| A build up of gases will cause this type of eruption: |
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Definition
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| Type of rock that is compacted into layers: |
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Definition
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| Type of volcano that causes lava flows: |
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Definition
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Term
| Melted rock under Earth's surface: |
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Definition
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Term
| Determined by the amount of silica in magma: |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 characterictics of a composite volcano: |
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Definition
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have both explosive and non-explosive erruptions -
formed by explosive eruptions that are followed by lava outpourings
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alternating layers of lava and ash
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have broad bases and summits with tall with steep slopes
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also known as strotovolcanoes
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Term
| Name 4 characterictics of a shield volcano: |
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Definition
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built entirely from runny lava
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have only nonexplosive eruptions
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gently slopes
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very large in size (width)
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Term
| Name 5 characteristics of a cinder cone volcano: |
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Definition
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smallest volcanoes
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have explosive eruptions
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erode quickly
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built entirely out of pyroclasitc materials -from rock fragments and cinders
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often in clusters
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Definition
deposits from erosion form layers that get pressed together
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Definition
Rock is forced down by plate movement. Heat and pressure squeezes it
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Definition
Heat and pressure melts rock completely
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Definition
as magma rises, it cools and solidifies
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Term
| Name the characteristics of a nonexplosive eruption: |
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Definition
| lava flows pour out calmly, create mountains over time, magma has low amount of water and silica |
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Term
| Name the characteristics of an explosive eruption: |
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Definition
| explosion of gasses and hot debris, molten rock hardens in the air, shrinks mountains, magma has high amounts of water (acts like a shaken soda can) and silica (causes a thick plug) |
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Term
| What are the differences between lava and pyroclastic materials? |
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Definition
lava - magma on the earth's surface
pyroclastic materials - efected rock fragments |
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Definition
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blocky
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Pahoehoe
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Aa
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pillow
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Term
| Types of pyroclastic materials: |
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Definition
can be man size
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blocks
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bombs
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lapilli
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ash
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Term
| How igneous rocks form and change into one another? |
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Definition
| rock that forms from the cooling of magma / changes happen due to melting and cooling |
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Term
| How sedimentary rocks form and change into one another? |
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Definition
| rock that forms when sediments go through weathering and erosion tht cement and compact each other / changes happen due to weathering and erosion |
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Term
| How metaphoric rocks form and change into one another? |
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Definition
| rock that forms when the textrue and composition of preexisting rock changes due to heat or pressure / changes happen due to heat or pressure |
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Definition
| melted rock under Earth's surface |
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Definition
| happen when rain falls through clouds of ash or when rivers filled with volcanic debris |
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Definition
| huge tidal waves caused by catactrophic events |
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Definition
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| Vocabulary: pyroclastic materials |
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Definition
| rock fragments ejected from explosive eruptions |
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Definition
| found in lava; building block of most minerals. silica-rich lava is thick and stiff |
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Definition
| rock forms from changes due to heat or pressure |
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| Vocabulary: sedimentary rock |
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Definition
| rocks form from compacted and cemented sediments over time |
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