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| female rats who have mated but not had pups will avoid pups. After 5-7 days of exposure they will accept them |
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| femlae had one litter of pups, release oxytocin during birth |
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| female who has had multiple sets of pups, faster acceptance, indicating learning curve |
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| sequence of strong pulses to get large release of glutamate to help jump start LTP |
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| simultaneous activation of 2 inputs NMDA and AMPA continuously increase synaptic strength (LTP) |
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| strengthening of synaptic transmission between cortex and accumbens use long term potentiation |
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| promiscuous non-bonding voles live in rocky montains |
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| bonding voles after full night of sex, pair bond for life |
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| Dopamine antagonist blocked only mood elevation from MDMA |
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| blocks serotonin receptors of the 2A/2C subtypes, reduces sensory enhancing effects of MDMA but doesnt affect mood. |
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1. mood elevation
2. feeling of closeness to others "hug drug"
3. heightened sensory awareness
4. derealization/depersonalization
5. anorexia |
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| projects into the dentre gyrus of the hippocampus into the granule cells, LTP occurs here with tetanic pulses. |
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| Neuropsychology (clinical) |
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| see people with closed head injuries who neurosurgeons done want to open up. Try to figure out which area of the brain is affected. Can now do MRI, Pet scans to look at metabolism |
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| 1. planning 2. organization 3. impulsivity 4. foresight 5. resistance to distraction 6. flexibility |
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| Moniz: done in the 40s and 50s often to treat schizophrenia, left individual without planning abilities and impulse control. |
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| binds to DA receptor as an antagonist, competes with persons own dopamine |
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| Blood oxygenation level difference, for fMRI |
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| Pavlovian fear conditioning |
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| pair a stimulus such as light or tone with footshock, so that light produces startle. |
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| Measure augmentation of the startle response to a loud noise after previously pairing a light with footshock. Compare startle to tone, when light is on (fear state) and when light is off. |
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| have a plus shaped maze with two arms having no walls, and two arms have high walls. Measure amount of time spent on arms with walls and arms without |
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| put two rats together who have never met and look at how close they get, they are within 6 inches, 1 foot, or right next to eachother. Tendency is to not be close. |
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| Fear (consummatory: tiger in room staring at you), anxiety (appetitive): tiger is in building maybe |
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| Amygdala made up of 3 parts |
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BLA: basolateral amygdala
CNofA: central nucleus of amygdala
LA: lateral amygdala
Amygdala been most related to anxiety in studies. |
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| Classic parts of limbic system |
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cingulate gyrus: between the two hemispheres sub divided into regions
amygdala: considered part of limbic system but not originally
Hippocampus: very large in primates all in temporal lobe because of neocortex growth
hypothalamus |
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| neuropathologist who first classified brain regions based on damage and emotional changes, connected areas that damage produced emotional changes, said you could follow it around in circle. |
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| acts at GABA receptor to open chloride channels and reduce the likelihood for an action potential |
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| act at GABA binding site to facilitate GABAergic inhibition. |
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| act at GABA binding site to facilitate GABA transmission. |
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| works at GABA receptor site to inhibit GABAergic transmission, works against inhibition. |
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Definition
| blocks receptor without activating, so GABA is neither increased or decreased. |
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Term
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Definition
5 of 9 symptoms for at least a two week period
1.Depressed mood most of day every day
2. markedly diminished interest or pleasure (anhedonia)
3. significant weightloss or gain
4. insomnia or hypersomnia
5. psychomotor retardation or agitation
6. fatigue or loss of energy nearly everyday
7. feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guild nearly every day
8. diminished ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness
9. recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation. |
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Definition
| serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
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