Term
| What are the three modes of communication? |
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Definition
| Language, prosody, and proxemics. |
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Term
| Identify the four components of language. |
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Definition
| phonology; semantics; morphology; syntax. |
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Term
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Definition
socially shared code that uses a conventional system of arbitrary symbols to represent ideas about the world that are meaningful to others who know the same code. A symbolic system agreed upon by others to be meaningful.
(Spoken, manual ie ASL, written)
Important for being able to communicate past, present, future.
The clearest channel of communication. |
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Term
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Definition
qualities of the voice such as pitch, stress, speed, pause length, how melodic, sarcasm.
-ic (verb)-roles include emotion, sincerity; differs by language. |
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Term
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Definition
| Expressions of the body such as gesture, body posture, facial expression, eye contact. |
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Term
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Definition
| words based on sound, i.e. woof, or meow |
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Term
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Definition
| The sound system of a language; the individual sounds in words. |
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Term
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Definition
| The vocabulary of a language; the meanings of the words and phrases. |
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Term
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Definition
| The internal structure of words (i.e. prefixes, suffixes, roots) |
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Term
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Definition
| The sentence structure of a language; how words combine into sentences. |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding and discriminating sounds, words and sentences. Begins earlier, can understand more than can speak or write. (phonology, semantics, and syntax) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to produce spoken, signed or written language. (Morphology, phonology, semantics and syntax) |
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Term
| What are the three levels of language knowledge? |
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Definition
| Linguistic (producing the sounds), metalinguistic (thinking about it), metalinguistic verbal (talking about it) |
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Term
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Definition
| a mix of languages, usually more than two, used to communicate where multiple language people come together. |
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Term
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Definition
| When pidgin becomes a local language. |
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Term
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Definition
| Language with different sentence structures, word choice, and historical changes. |
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Term
Define Phoneme.
(Phono=sound; eme=meaning) |
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Definition
| The smallest individual sound that carries meaning. |
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Term
Define allophones.
(allo=family) |
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Definition
| These are subtle variations in phonemes that occur as a result of their position in a word. Example: t in top vs. t in stop, in stop the t is more of a d |
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Term
| What are the two types of phonemes in English? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| vary in place or articulation, manner or articulation, and voicing. (nasals, glides, and stops) |
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Term
| What are the two kinds of English vowels? |
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Definition
monopthongs, i.e. o in bot (single sound)and
dipthongs, i.e. o in boy (double sound-oe) |
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Term
| Define segmentation and articulation in infants' phonological development. |
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Definition
Perceiving when one word stops and the next begins.
Gaining control of the mouth to be able to produce phonemes and combination's of phonemes. |
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Term
| Define Articulation and where it occurs. |
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Definition
| Where airflow is restricted; takes place at the lips, teeth, roof of the mouth, and back of the mouth. |
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Term
| Early language development: Nature View |
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Definition
| Children are born with a strong biological potential to acquire language. In the presence of language, the language acquisition device is activated and language develops. |
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Term
| Early Language Development: Nurture View |
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Definition
Social experience is the stimulus for language acquisition. The language environment and caregivers' interactions and verbal supports play important roles in language acquisition.
Language experience decreases the ability to make fine discrimination's of phonemes in other languages after 8 months of age. |
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Term
| Five phases of infants phoneme production: |
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Definition
| Reflexive vocalizations; cooing and gooing; Vocal play; Basic canonical babbling; jargon babbling. |
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Term
Jargon Babbling is:
9-18 months |
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Definition
| Babbling echoes rhythm of adult speech; Overlaps with periods of meaningful speech |
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Term
Basic Canonical Babbling is:
5-10 months |
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Definition
| Production of consonant-vowel syllables with varying intonation i.e. bababa; producing front consonant sounds i.e.m/p/b/d/; This phase distinguishes the vocal development of hearing and deaf infants. Deaf infants produce little to none of this phase. |
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Term
Expansion/Vocal Play is:
3-8 months |
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Definition
| Production of a wider variety of consonants and vowels; Appearance of very loud and very soft sounds, as well as low and high sounds; Increasing fine motor control of speech; Infants appear to be exploring and practicing how to produce, repeat and vary sounds. |
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Term
Cooing and Gooing are:
1-4 months |
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Definition
| extended vowel sounds, esp. back vowels; productions of back consonants like 'g' which require less control. Infants are learning to manipulate their tongues and mouths. |
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Term
Reflexive vocalizations:
0-2 months |
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Definition
| Automatic responses to physical states such as cries, fussing, and involuntary grunts. May be some vowel/like sounds. |
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Term
| 3 factors of timing of phoneme production: |
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Definition
| Frequency of the phonemes occurrence in the language; Number of words in the child's vocab. that contain the phoneme; Articulatory complexity of the phoneme |
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Term
| At 4-5 years, English speaking children have difficulty producing several phonemes which are: |
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Definition
| r, l, s, sh, ch, and z sounds, and both 'th' sounds |
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