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Definition
| the maximal amount of weight that can be lifted just one time |
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Definition
| another name for the maximal oxygen uptake or VO2max |
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Definition
| mean or peak power output in exercise lasting 30 seconds or less |
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Definition
| training at a moderate to high intensity without stopping to rest |
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Definition
| training that involves eccentric action |
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Term
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Definition
| developed in the 1930's; the term comes from the Swedish for "speed play". this type of training combines continuous and interval training and stresses both the aerobic and anaerobic energy pathways |
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Definition
| traditional resistance training modality that uses only barbells, dumbbells, and so on to provide resistance |
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| interval-circuit training |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| repeated, brief, fast-paced exercise bouts with short rest intervals between bouts |
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Definition
| resistance training in which the rate of movement is kept constant through the range of motion |
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Definition
| resistance training involving static action |
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Definition
| endurance training involving long, slow distance |
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Definition
| the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue |
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Definition
| an assessment of factors that determine the specific training program appropriate for an individual |
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Definition
| a type of dynamic-action resistance training based on the theory that use of the stretch reflex during jumping will recruit additional motor units |
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Definition
| the rate of performing work; the product of force and velocity. the rate of transformation of metabolic potential energy to work or heat |
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Term
| static-contraction resistance training |
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Definition
| resistance training that emphasizes static muscle action. also known as isometric resistance training |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a muscle to exert force-generally the maximal ability |
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Term
| stretch-shortening cycle exercise |
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Definition
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Term
| variable-resistance training |
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Definition
| a technique that allows variation in the resistance applied throughout the range of motion in an attempt to match the ability of the muscle or muscle groups to apply force at any specific point in the range of motion |
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Term
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Definition
| soreness or pain felt during and immediatly after an exercise bout |
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Definition
| loss of size, or mass, of body tissue, such as muscle atrophy with disuse |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle soreness that developes 1-2 days after a heavy bout of exercise and that is associated with actual injury within the muscle |
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Definition
| an increase in the number of muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| an increase in the size of existing individual muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in the size or mass of an organ or body tissue |
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Definition
| training designed to increase strength, power and muscular endurance |
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Definition
| training that improves the efficiency of the aerobic energy producing systems and can improve cardiorespiratory endurance |
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Term
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Definition
| training that improves the efficiency of the anaerobic energy-producing systems and can increase muscular strength and tolerance for acid-base imbalances during high-intensity effort |
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Term
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Definition
| a nonpathological enlarged heart, often found in endurance athletes, that results primarily from left ventricular hypertrophy in response to training |
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Term
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Definition
| enlargement of the heart by increases in muscle wall thickness or chamber size or both |
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Term
| cardiorespiratory endurance |
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Definition
| the ability of the body to sustain prolonged exercise |
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Definition
| training for more than one sport at the same time or training mutiple fitness components - strength, endurace, and flexability - within the same period |
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Term
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Definition
| VO2=Q X (a-v)O2 difference |
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Term
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Definition
| increased reliance on fats for energy production during endurace activity, rather than stores of glycogen |
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Term
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Definition
| those individuals within a population that show clear or exaggerated responses or adaptations to a stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| those individuals within a population that show little or no response or adaptation to a stimulus |
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Term
| acclimation, or heat acclimation |
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Definition
| physiological adaptation to repeated environmental stresses, occurring over a relatively brief period of time (days to weeks). often occurs in a lab environment |
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Definition
| the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
| a compound similar to hemoglobin, but found in muscle tissue, that carries O2 from the cell membrane to the mitchondria |
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Term
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Definition
| the components of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems involved in transporting O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle that physiological adaptations in response to physical training are highly specific to the nature of the training activity. to maximize benefits, trainning should be carefully matched to an athlete's specific performance needs |
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Term
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Definition
| maximal oxygen uptake. the maximal capacity for oxygen consumption by the body during maximal exertion. it is also known as aerobic power, maximal oxygen uptake, maximal oxygen consumption, and cardiorespiratory endurance capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| physiological adaptation to repeated environmental stress in a natural environment, occuring over months and years of living and exercising in that environment |
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Definition
| a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that prevents dehydration by promoting renal absorption of sodium |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. transfer of heat through direct molecular contact with a solid object.2. movement of an electrical implusle, such as through a neuron |
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Definition
| the trasfer of heat or cold via the movement of a gas or liquid across an object, such as the body |
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Term
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Definition
| simple sweat glands dispersed over the body surface that respond to increases in core or skin temp (or both) and facilitate thermoregulation |
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Term
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Definition
| heat loss through the conversion of water (such as sweat) to vapor |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue damage that occurs during cold exposure because circulation to the skin decreases, in an attempt to retain body heat, to the point that the tissue receives insufficient oxygen and nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| short-term adaptation to a stress |
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Term
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Definition
| cramping of the skeletal muscles as a result of excessive dehydration and the associated salt loss |
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Term
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Definition
| the most serious heat disorder, resulting from failure of the body's thermoregulatory mechanisms. heatstroke is characterized by body temp above 40.5 C or 105 F, cessation of sweating, and total confusion or unconsciousness and can lead to death |
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Term
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Definition
| low body temp; any temp below the given person's normal temp |
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Definition
| resistance to dry heat exchange |
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Term
| nonshivering thermogenesis |
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Definition
| the stim of metabolism by the sympathetic nervous system to generate more metabolic heat |
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Term
| peripheral vasoconstriction |
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Definition
| the constriction or narrowing of blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves |
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Term
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Definition
| a rapid, involuntary cycle of contraction and relazation of skeletal muscles that generates heat |
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Term
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Definition
| stress imposed on the body by external temp |
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Term
| thermoreceptors-thermoceptors |
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Definition
| sensory receptors that detect changes in body temp and exernal temp and relay this info to the hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which the thermoregulatory center located in the hypothalamus readjusts body temp in response to small deviation from the set point |
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Term
| wet-bulb globe temperature |
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Definition
| a measurement of temp that simultaneously account for conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation, providing a single temp reading to estimate the cooling capacity of the surrounding environment. the apparatus for measuring WBGT consists of a dry bulb, web bulb, and black globe |
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Term
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Definition
| a chill factor created by the increase int eh rate of heat loss via convection and conduction caused by wind |
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Term
| acute altitude (mountain) sickness |
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Definition
| illness characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting, dyspmea, and insomina. it typically begins 6 to 96 h after one reaches high altitude and lasts several days |
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Term
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Definition
| the total pressure exerted by the atmosphere at a given altitude |
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Term
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Definition
| the hormone that stimulates erythrocyte (red blood cell) production |
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Term
| high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) |
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Definition
| a condition of unknown cause on which fluid accumulates in the cranial cavity at altitude; characterized by mental confusion that can progress to coma and death |
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Term
| high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) |
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Definition
| a condition of unknown cuase in which fluid accumulates in the lungs at altitude, interfering with ventilation, resulting in shortness of breath and fatigue and characterized by impaired blood oxygenation, mental confusion, and loss of consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to an environment, such as that at high altitude, involving low atmospheric pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| a decreased oxygen content or concentration within the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| a decreased avaliability of oxygen to the tissues |
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Term
| partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) |
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Definition
| the pressure exerted by oxygen in a mixture of gases |
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Term
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Definition
| increased red blood cells |
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