Term
| Phytate and oxalate inhibit zinc absorption by providing binding sites in the form of what element? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inhibition of zinc absorption by phytate can be reduced by what process? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What effect does high intake of vitamin C have on copper absorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| Deficiency impairs taste sensation |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Participates in more enzyme systems than any other trace mineral |
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Definition
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Term
| Absorption facilitated by picolinic acid |
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Definition
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Term
| Absorption facilitated by citric acid |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Absorption dependent on gastric hydrochloric acid |
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Definition
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Term
| Mobilization of stores impaired by high iron intake |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood concentrations rise during infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Excessive accumulation in Wilson’s disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Defective transport in Menkes syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| Mitochondrial electron transport |
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Definition
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Term
| Alkaline phosphatase activity |
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Definition
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Term
| Facilitates iron binding to transferring |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Conversion of vitamin A for the visual cycle |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Do thionein polypeptides produced in response to zinc intake, have a higher affinity for copper or for zinc? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| List the functions of metallothionein. |
|
Definition
Intracellular binding ligand for copper
Impairs absorption of excessive dietary copper
Facilitates liver storage of zinc and copper
Scavenges superoxide and hydroxyl radicals
Intracellular binding ligand for zinc |
|
|
Term
| List the functions of ceruloplasmin. |
|
Definition
Copper transporter
Oxidative enzyme
Antioxidant |
|
|
Term
| Does selenium exist in food only in the organic forms? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Are animal products generally considered better sources of selenium than plant products? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How does the absorption of organic and inorganic forms of selenium compare? |
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Definition
| Both are efficiently absorbed. |
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|
Term
| Which form of organic and inorganic selenium is best absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract? |
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Definition
| a) selenomethionine, b) selenate |
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Term
| Associated with regional selenium deficiency in China |
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Definition
| Both Keshan and Kashin-Beck disease |
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Term
| Symptoms include cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Symptoms include degeneration of joints and cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| Selenium deficiency is not likely the only causative factor |
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Definition
| Both Keshan and Kashin-Beck disease |
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|
Term
| What method was used to establish recommendations for selenium intake in the U.S? |
|
Definition
| Amount required to maximize plasma glutathione peroxidase activity |
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum intake of selenium that has been associated with the symptoms and biochemical signs of toxicity? |
|
Definition
| Amount required to maximize plasma glutathione peroxidase activity |
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|
Term
| Which population group is most at risk for chromium deficiency? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Do phytates inhibit chromium absorption, selenium absorption, or both? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Substitutes for sulfur in amino acids |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Trivalent form is most important in humans |
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Definition
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|
Term
| High content in brewer’s yeast |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Transported in the blood bound to transferring |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Indicate the proposed influences and/or roles of chromium other than those associated with glucose tolerance. |
|
Definition
Gene expression
RNA synthesis
Insulin potentiation |
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin enhances chromium absorption? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Consumption of what dietary component can raise urinary chromium excretion? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A mild chromium deficiency shares symptoms similar to Syndrome X except for which one? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Iodine is added to what dietary component in order to help prevent iodine deficiency? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are goitrogens and where may they be found? |
|
Definition
Lithium
Polycyclic hydrocarbons
Cabbage family vegetables |
|
|
Term
| How does iodine deficiency in infants differ symptomatically from maternal iodine deficiency? |
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Definition
| While cretinism specifically refers to the consequences of maternal iodine deficiency, the severe neurological symptoms of cretinism appear only in the infant, not the mother. |
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|
Term
| Which trace elements are essential for normal brain function? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which trace element is involved with amino acid metabolism? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which micromineral is involved in sulfite metabolism? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which trace element is involved in collagen formation? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which trace element mimicks the action of insulin? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which micromineral is associated with the thyroid hormone thyroxine? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which micromineral is required for mucopolysaccharide synthesis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which micromineral promotes the formation of hydroxyapatite? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which trace element is a component of vitamin B12? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Gout is a symptom of overingestion of what micromineral? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Mottled teeth are a sign or symptom of overingestion of what trace element? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Overingestion of what trace element is associated with kidney stones? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Green tongue is a sign or symptom from overingestion of what trace element? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which trace element is an antagonist to iodine and causes goiter? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which micromineral serves as a cofactor for xanthine oxidase in the metabolism of purines, pyrimidines, and pteridines? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which trace element facilitates the use of ferric iron, but antagonizes ferrous iron absorption? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which trace element is needed for glycosaminoglycan formation in joint tissue? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| For which TWO minerals may nickel be an effective substitute in some enzyme systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the inorganic form of arsenic differ in toxicity from the organic form? |
|
Definition
| Inorganic forms of arsenic are more toxic than are organic forms of the element. |
|
|
Term
| Is hair analysis a good method to use for chronic exposure to excessive arsenic? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Indicate the tissue most influenced by boron. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the best food sources of zinc? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the best food sources of copper? |
|
Definition
| Organ meats and shellfish |
|
|
Term
| Is zinc or copper more important for cytosol superoxide dismutase activity? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which forms of glutathione peroxidase are selenium-dependent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the toxic metals known to interact with selenium in food or in the body |
|
Definition
| Iron copper and methionine (mercury) |
|
|
Term
| Does a selenium deficiency impair the effect of the thyroid hormone on adipose tissue? Why or why not? |
|
Definition
| Selenium is necessary for iodine metabolism – regulation of thyroid hormone – 5 types of proteins and 2,3 work on adipose tissue. So yes. |
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|
Term
| List the best sources of fluoride. |
|
Definition
| Drinking water, grain, cereal products, fish and tea |
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|
Term
| Boron affects the metabolism of which nutrients? |
|
Definition
| Phosphorus, calcium, vitamin D and magnesium |
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