Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lacunae of fully formed bone (calcified matrix) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inorganic calcium phosphate; mineralization in osteoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surround secretory glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contractile muscle cells that surround blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contract and secrete collagen in healing wounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intermediate filament in epithilial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intermediate filament in connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intermediate filament in all muscle types - part of cytoskelatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sheath that encapsulates entire muscle; continuous with muscle tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divides muscles into individual fascicles(visible with naked eye) **contains nerves and vessle**AEROLEAR LOOSE CT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delicate partition that surrounds each muscle fiber (cell) within fascicles - continuous with perimysium **contains capillaries **AEROLEAR LOOSE CT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long, multinucleate cylindrical cell (100 peripheral nuclei) |
|
|
Term
| Components making up muscle |
|
Definition
| Muscle<---fascicles<--muscle fibers (cells)<---myofibrils<---sarcomeres<---myofilaments<---actin and myosin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dark, thick myosin filaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Z-line
Insertion point for thin (actin) filaments
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
M-line
Myosin fiber central attatchment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
H-band
Central, light part of A band which contains no thin filaments (only myosin and central attatchment) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A-band
Length of think (myosin) filaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I-band
Light zone between A-bands containing only thin (actin filaments0 |
|
|
Term
| During contraction, what muscle bands change? |
|
Definition
I-band and H-band narrow as Z-lines move closer together
Sarcomere gets shorter |
|
|
Term
During contraction, what muscle bands do NOT change?
|
|
Definition
| Width of A-band stays constant during contraction and stretching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Group of muscles suppllied by an individual nerve fiber
Can range from a few to >1000 muscle fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Specialized region of plasma membrane (sarcolemna) in which nerve terminal lies
AKA: motor end plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extension of muscle cell membrane which runs along sarcoplasmic reticulum--->carries action potential into cell so it may activate sarcoplasmic reticulum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
complex formed where sarcoplasmic reticulum flanks t-tubule in skeletal muscles
**at junction if A-band and I-band |
|
|
Term
Differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle?
|
|
Definition
Cardiac m. has:
1. Branching muscle fibers
2. 1 or 2 nuclei, CENTRALLY located
3. intercalated disks = not electrically isolated
4. involuntary, controlled by autonomic nervous system
3. no NMJs, no motor nerve control |
|
|
Term
| Skeletal muscle is similar to cardiac muscle |
|
Definition
1. strong and foceful contractions
2. Striated, contain myofibrils and sarcomeres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Branching nerve supplying a motor unit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sarcoplasmic reticulum on one side or the other of a t-tubule in cardiac muscle
**located at z-line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialized myocardial fibers that conduct an electrical stimulus or impulse that enables the heart to contract in a coordinated fashion |
|
|
Term
| Location of smooth muscle |
|
Definition
Blood vessels
Intestines
Uterus
Respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of smooth muscle (3 things) |
|
Definition
1. Autonomic nervous system
2. Hormones
3. Local metabolites
NO neurologic innervation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rhythmic/wave like contractions of smooth muscle
**slow, low-force but long lasting contractions |
|
|
Term
| %bone organic and inorganic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organic component of bone |
|
Definition
90%collagen
10%ground substance |
|
|
Term
| inorganic component of bone |
|
Definition
| Hydroxyapetite (calcium phosphate) |
|
|
Term
| What cells secrete collagen matrix (osteoid) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells are osteoclasts derived from? |
|
Definition
| Mononuclear cells (same as macrophages) |
|
|
Term
| 3 times osteobprogenetor cells develop into osteoblasts |
|
Definition
normal growth (young animal)
fracture repair
normal bone remodeling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are osteocytes connected? |
|
Definition
| canaliculi - allows for transfer of waste and nutrients, coordination of response to hormones |
|
|
Term
| differences between chondrocytes and osteocytes |
|
Definition
Chondrocytes are mitotically active and can form nests
Osteocytes are NOT mitotically active and exist by themselves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Osteiod or collagenous extracellular matrix - synthesized by osteoblasts |
|
|
Term
| what makes up cancellous bone |
|
Definition
| trabeculae (thin bony projections) |
|
|
Term
| What cells are in compact bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do blood vessels run in compact bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Spongy bone has haverian systems?
True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Spongy bone has lamellae?
True or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lines trabeculae in spongy bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is outer layer of periosteum made up of |
|
Definition
| Dense connective tissue with few cells |
|
|
Term
| What is inner layer of peristoeum made up of? |
|
Definition
| Highly cellular - osteoblasts (embryo/young) and osteoprogenitor cells (adult) |
|
|
Term
| What lines all cavities of bone? |
|
Definition
| endosteum - lines aversion canals and marrow spaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thin layer of squamous cells |
|
|
Term
| Intramembranous ossification |
|
Definition
| bone forms directly in primitive mesenchyme - does not have cartilage template |
|
|
Term
| What bones form via intramembranous ossification? |
|
Definition
non-weight bearing bones
Flat bones of skull, mandible, clavicle |
|
|
Term
| Endochondral ossification |
|
Definition
| Bone forms on preexisting cartilage model (hyaline cartilage) |
|
|
Term
| What bones form via endochondral ossification? |
|
Definition
| Vertebral column, pelvis, limb bones - weight bearing bones |
|
|
Term
| 3 steps in Intramembranous ossification |
|
Definition
1. Mesenchymal condensation - mesenchymal cells secrete collagen and ground substance; fibroblasts and osteobrogenitor cells arise and trabeculae forms
2. Osteoblasts arise - osteoid is produced; some cells become entrapped and form osteocytes
3. Bone spicule formation - woven bone forms and is remodelled to lamellar bone; bone addition and removal shapes forming bone |
|
|
Term
| 2 Steps in endochondral ossification |
|
Definition
1. Hyaline cartilage template - Cartilage mineralizes, mineralized cartilage is removed, bone is deposited
2. Ossification centers form - primary (diaphysis) and secondary (epiphyses) --> eventually develop into medullary cavities
**cartilage continues growth in physis in epiphysial plate or growth plate |
|
|
Term
| epineureum is made of what kind of tissue |
|
Definition
| dense regular connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| what type of tissue is dura mater made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what structure makes up grey matter in spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
