Term
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Definition
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Definition
| basophilic regions if cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies |
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Definition
| secondary lysosomes located in cytoplasm of neuronal cell body |
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Definition
| basophilic regions if cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies |
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Definition
region of cell body from which axon projects
Contains neurofilaments and microtubules |
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Definition
| type of intermediate filament located in axon hillock of nerve cells |
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Term
| Why is axon hillock less basophilic than other parts of cytoplasm? |
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Definition
| Few organelles here (less ER) |
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Term
| 2 sections that form peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
1. Somatic (skeletal muscle control)
2. Visceral nervous system
Autonomic efferent = sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
Portion of PNS;
Afferent sensory fibers
Efferent fibers innervate skeletal muscle |
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Definition
Afferent sensory fibers
Efferent fibers form autonomic nervous system - innervate heart sm. muscle, glands |
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Definition
Efferent version of visceral nervous system of PNS
parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers
innervate heart, smooth muscle, glands |
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Definition
| increase cell surface available for cell-to-cell contact |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| a single cytoplasmic stalk projects from the cell body and then bifurcates into axon and dendrite |
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Term
| Pseudo-unipolar neurons located |
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Definition
| sensory neuron in peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| Types of glial cells in PNS |
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Definition
1. Schwann cells
2. Satellite cells |
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Term
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Definition
Schwann cells wrap around PNS nerve fibers many times creating a myelin sheath
Single myelenated axon is covered by many Schwann cells in tandem |
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Definition
| Nerve fibers wrapped many times by Schwann cells in the PNS |
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Definition
| Nerve fibers that lie in simple invaginations of schwann cells |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve cell process with its associated cellular coating |
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Term
| Nerve cell body in PNS is covered by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Schwann cells provide what kind of insulation |
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Definition
| Electrical - as it is lipid rich, ions do not pass through easily |
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Definition
| Where the edges of adjacent Schwann cells meet - a single myelinated axon is covered by many Schwann cells |
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Term
Epineurium
Location and composition |
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Definition
Location: Outermost layer of a peripheral nerve
Composition: Connective tissue containing collagen fibers and some adipose cells |
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Term
Perineurium
Location and composition |
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Definition
Location: Layer surrounding eachfascicle (group of nerve fibers) within a nerve
Composition: Cellular layer |
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Term
Endoneurium:
Location and composition |
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Definition
Location: between individual nerve fibers within a fascicle
Composition: Collagen and (often) reticular fibers, fibroblasts |
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Term
| Collection of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| What surrounds cell bodies in a ganglia? |
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Definition
| Satellite cells (glial cells), and a fibrous capsule that is continuous with the epineurium |
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Term
| Where are cell bodies of motor neurons located |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Somatic efferent neuron that innervates skeletal muscle cells |
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Term
| Where are cell bodies of sensory (afferent) neurons located? |
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Definition
| Ganglia in the dorsal roots of spinal nerves (dorsal root ganglia) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory neuron afferent cell bodies located in ganglia in the dorsal roots of spinal nerves |
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Term
| What nerves have pseudo-unipolar axons? |
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Definition
| Sensory (afferent) neurons |
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Term
| Morphology of neuron cell bodies |
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Definition
| Round and many have prominent nuclei - small satellite glial cells surround each neuron cell body |
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Term
| What are the 2 neurons of the autonomic efferent pathway? |
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Definition
1. preganglionic neuron with cell body in CNS and axon that extend out of the CNS to a ganglion
2. postganglionic neuron who's axon extends to the effector organs |
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Term
| Autonomic postganglionic neurons are: unipolar, multipolar, or pseudo-unipolar? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are sympathetic postganglionic nerve cell bodies located? |
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Definition
| Ganglia lying along the vertebral column (sympathetic trunk) or at some distance from it (collateral or pre vertebral ganglia) |
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Term
| What group of nerve cell bodies are "collateral ganglia"? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies that lie some distance from vertebral column |
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Term
| What group of nerve cell bodies are "pre vertebral ganglia"? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies that lie some distance from vertebral column |
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Term
| What is the sympathetic trunk? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic postganglionic nerve cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia lying along the vertebral column |
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Term
| Where are parasympathetic postganglionic nerve cell bodies located? |
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Definition
| Ganglia (terminal ganglia) that are in or near effector organ |
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Term
| What are terminal ganglia? |
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Definition
| Nerve cell bodies of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (efferent) that are located in or near effector organs |
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Term
| Axons of motor neurons: myelinated or unmyelinated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Axons of autonomic preganglionic fibers: myelinated or unmyelinated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Axons of autonomic postganglionic fibers: myelinated or unmyelinated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Axons of afferent neurons: myelinated or unmyelinated? |
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Definition
| can be myelinated or unmyelinated |
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Term
| Synapse can occur between a nerve and: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Contact of efferent motor neurons with skeletal muscle cells |
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Term
| Varicosities occur on what type of nerve fibers? |
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Definition
| Autonomic post-ganglionic (efferent) fibers who synapse with smooth and cardiac tissue |
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Term
| What is the purpose of varicosities |
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Definition
| Allow efferent autonomic neurons to release NTs some distance from the muscle and affect larger surface area |
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Term
| Unencapsulated sensory nerve endings |
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Definition
| Afferent sensory nerve endings unmyelinated, free Receptors for pain and temperature |
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Term
| Encapsulated sensory nerve endings |
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Definition
| Afferent nerve endings urrounded by a connective tissue capsule |
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Term
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Definition
Afferent encapsulated nerve ending
Mechanoreceptor in skin
Sensitive to fine/light touch |
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Definition
Encapsulated afferent nerve ending
Mechanoreceptor in skin, sensitive to pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Encapsulated afferent nerve ending signals the rate and extent muscle is stretched |
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Term
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Definition
Encapsulated sensory nerve ending located at junction of muscle and tendon
Stimulated when tension increases |
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Definition
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Term
| What lies within the epidural space? |
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Definition
| Anastomosing venous plexuses lying in luse connective tissue |
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Term
| What lines inner surface of dura mater? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Potential space, filled with very small amt of fluid |
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Term
| What are trabeculae made up of? |
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Definition
| Collagenous and elastic fibers covered with mesothilium |
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Term
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Definition
| Collagen fibers and fibroblasts |
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Term
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Definition
Tracts of myelinated fibers and glial cells
No nerve cell bodies |
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Term
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Definition
Nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and initial portions of axons
Glial cells
Background = neuropil |
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Term
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Definition
Background of gray matter
Meshwork of dendritic, axonal, and glial processes |
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Term
| 2 Paths of axons extending from nerve cell bodies in CNS |
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Definition
1. Leave grey matter --> transverse white matter --> terminate in grey matter a distance away
2. Leave CNS and end in periphery |
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Term
| What lines and fills central canal of spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Ependymal cells and filled with CSF |
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Term
| Ventral column of gray matter |
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Definition
| Site of nerve cell bodies of motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Control movements of skeletal mm - coordination, posture, equilibrium |
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Term
| Order of grey and white matter in brain |
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Definition
| Grey is on outside, white on inside |
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Term
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Definition
1. Molecular
2. Purkinje cell
3. Granular |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Collection of nerve cell bodies that occurs in the white matter |
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Term
| Molecular layer of grey matter in cerebellum |
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Definition
| Few small nerve cell bodies and many unmylenated fibers; glial cells |
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Term
| Granular layer of gray matter in cerebellum |
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Definition
Glial cells
Many neuron cell bodies
Unmyelinated fibers |
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Term
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Definition
Purkinje cell nuclei lie between molecular and granular cell layers in grey matter of cerebellum
Extensive dendritic tree in molecular layer and axon in the granular layer
Action potentials that enter the cortex exit via Purkinje cells
Integrating locus of cerebellum - can have as many as 100,000 synapses with other neurons |
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