Term
| capillaries are pretty much sites of WHAT |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the structure of vessel walls from the inside out |
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Definition
| tunica interta>tunica media>tunica externa |
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Term
| tunica interna-makes up what part of the vessel |
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Definition
| the endothelium, single layer of cells. side facing lumen, per say |
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Term
| tunica media-what is it made of |
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Definition
| circular smooth musle-elastin |
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Term
| tunica externa-what is it made of |
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Definition
| collagen, (which is connective tissue) |
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Term
| pressure gradient governs WHAT |
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Definition
| the flow, of blood in this case |
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Term
| in terms of the body, what force OPPOSES flow |
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Definition
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Term
| in terms of vessel what determines flow |
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Definition
| vessel radius (r) little r lolz |
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Term
| so what is fricks law, the formula is? |
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Definition
flow is (change in P)/R
R is vascular resistance. |
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Term
| what in the body produces the pressure gradient. what is this "pressure" called? |
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Definition
| the heart! pushing blood around. blood pressure. |
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Term
| what causes most resistance in terms of blood flow |
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Definition
| friction between blood and walls of blood vessel |
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Term
| 3 sources of resistance in terms of blood flow |
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Definition
1. blood viscosity
2.length of vessel
3. vessel radius |
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Term
| in poiseuille's law..which factors are physiologically controlled? |
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Definition
| Change in big P, and little r (vessel radius) |
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Term
| what does poisuille's law state |
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Definition
| the there will be a pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a long cylindrical pipe |
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Term
| what is critical closing pressure- |
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Definition
| the pressure that below which a vessel will collapse and stop blood flow |
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Term
| what is laplace's law state? |
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Definition
the force (or tension) streching a vessel wall open is proportional to the vessel's diameter X BP
so pretty much a bigger vessel will have more tension. thats why aneurysms tend to happen in larger vessels
so the |
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Term
| whats the laplace formula |
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Definition
| tension alpha(proportional) radius*pressure |
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Term
| in terms of vessel whats does compliance mean? |
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Definition
| means they can stretch to accommodate a higher volume of blood |
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Term
| if a vessel if highy or not very compliant what does that mean |
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Definition
highly compliant-can accomodate a large increase in volume of blood, even with a small increase in pressure
not very compliant-these vessels are stiffer and do not accommodate a large increase in volume when P increases |
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Term
| vascular compliance formula |
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Definition
| increase in V/increase in P |
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Term
| at what point in the systemic circulation is there a stepp drop in vessel pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two types of arteries |
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Definition
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Term
are arteries high or low resistance pipes.
what is the other function of arteries, esp elastic arteries |
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Definition
low resistance
they function as a pressure reservoir |
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Term
| during systole. the stroke volume of blood is being ejected, which stretches out what type of walls in what type of arteries |
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Definition
| compliant walls, in elastic arteries |
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Term
| when systole end stretches arterial walls recoile, continuing to drive blood into __________ during ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| does arterial pressure drop to zero during diastole? |
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Definition
| FUCK NO bp is 120 over FUCKING 80!!!! |
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Term
| during diastole does ventricular pressure drop to almost zero? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| systolic-diastolic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| force/unit area exerted by blood on wall of blood vessel |
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Term
| when do you here the 1st "bumps" of the systolic pressure when taking a bp |
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Definition
| when the pressure of the cuff drops just below the actual systolic bp |
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Term
| when do you stop hearing sounds when taking a bp-hat has happened to the vessel |
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Definition
| the cuff pressure is below diastolic pressure, and the vessel is totally open..no sound can be heard |
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Term
| what is MAP, what is it's formula |
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Definition
mean arterial pressure.
formula-diastolic pressure+1/3 pulse pressure. |
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Term
| why does the MAP increase then level off as you get older |
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Definition
| at 1st sys and dia pressure go up parallel-ly, then around age 50 the MAP levels off bc systolic pressure keeps going up while diastolic pressure drops. |
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Term
| arterioles play a major role in what 2 things. one has to do with perfusion, the other in something with pressire |
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Definition
1. they determine relative blood flow to tissues (blood flow distibution)
2.they play major role in MAP (due to effect on total peripheral distance |
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Term
| what do arterioles have around them that lets them control blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens when the smnooth muscles of vessel are contracted and relaxed |
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Definition
| vasoconstriction/vasodilation |
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Term
| a SMALL increase in radius results in what in terms of blood flow |
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Definition
| BIG increase of blood flow..remember R=1/(r^4) |
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Term
| 3 mechs that regulate artiolar radius (LNH) |
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Definition
| local control, neurtal (reflex control), hormonal control |
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Term
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Definition
| blood flow adjusted to meet tissue's need |
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Term
what are some local stimuli that will cause arterioles to dilate (5)
is this intrinsic/extrinsic control |
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Definition
-low o2
-high C02
-ph change
local-intrinsic
-metabolites, K+
-bradykinin-peptide that causes vessles to enlarge |
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Term
| are any local "intrinsic controls" of controling arterilolar radii important in map regulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| flow autoregulation-what happens if there is decreased bp in an organ. also what 2 factors can cause this, and lastly does this affect MAP regulation |
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Definition
there is arteriolar dilation in the organ to restore blood flow
2 factors-decreased 02, increased metabolites
this is NOT important for MAP regulation |
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Term
| what effect does sympathetic stimulation have on arteriolar radii. ALso, what receptor is stimulated in the case of vasoconstriction. |
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Definition
inc symp. stim. results in vaso contriction. decr. symp stim=vasodilation.
the receptor affected is the alpha-adrengergic receptors |
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Term
| upon sym. stimulation by epi and nor epi which receptor is activated that causes vasoCONSTRICTION |
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Definition
| ALPHA adrenergic receptors |
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Term
| upon symp. stim by just epi, what receptor is activated that causes vasoDILATION |
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Definition
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Term
| is reflex (neural control) of the arteriloar radii intrinsic or extrinsic? and is it important in MAP regulation |
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Definition
| extrinsic, yes it is important im MAP regulation |
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Term
| for epi, vessels with which adrenergic receptors will constrict |
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Definition
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Term
| what is angrioTENSIN (hint hint), what is it part of (indian dance stick-hint hint) |
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Definition
| strong vasoconstrictor, part of RAAS |
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Term
| hey john don't be a lazy fat fuck or you won;t get into med school..you lazy fat fuck |
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Definition
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Term
| is whoremoanal control of arteriloar radii intrinsic or extrinsic,and is it impiortant for MAP regulation |
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Definition
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Term
| what are cap walls made of-pretty much what layer of vessel that I'm already familiar with |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of capillaries CSF |
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Definition
| continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what type (intrinsic/extrinsic) control...controls precapillary sphincters in true capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| how fast does blood in capillaries move? |
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Definition
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Term
| in capillaries, where does exchange actually happen. |
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Definition
| between blood and interstitial fluid. |
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Term
| in capillaries, what is bulk flow |
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Definition
| when small solutes are trapped in water micells and are carried in between cells into the interstitial fluid |
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Term
| in terms of capillaries, what is filtration |
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Definition
| fluid moving OUT of capillaries, also out of blood |
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Term
| in terms of capillaries, what is reabsorbtion |
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Definition
| back into blood, (back into capillary) |
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Term
| in terms of the capillaries, what is hydrostatic pressure? and what end of the cap. is there this pressure |
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Definition
the filtration force..force exerted on vessel wall by blood
this force is at the artiole end |
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Term
| in terms of capillaries, what is colloid osmotic pressure? what end of the cap is there this pressure |
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Definition
reabsorbtion force, the force of interstitial fluid exerted on the cap. wall
at the venous end |
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Term
| in terms of capillaries..more fluids goes ____ at teh arterial end, and more fluid goes _____ at the venous end. what are teh two offical words used |
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Definition
out>reabsorbtion
filtration>reabsorbtion |
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Term
| near the capillaries..what system collects excess fluid |
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Definition
| lymph system/lymph capillaries |
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Term
| failure of the lymphatic system leads to WHAT...and why |
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Definition
| leads to edema, the lypm system cannot drain the excess fluids |
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Term
| what can cause failure of the lymp system/edema (FCSR) |
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Definition
| filariasis, chemotherapy, surg, radiation |
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Term
| average mmHG in for systemic veins |
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 characteristics of veins help with returning blood to the heart |
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Definition
| large diameters, valves, that prevent backflow |
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Term
| what causes varicose veins. also whats wrong with the valves and what does that lead to |
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Definition
weakness and loss of elasticity
-valves don't close which lets blood back flow |
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Term
| are veins high or low in compliance, also what does that mean |
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Definition
| HIGH, they can accompany large volumes of blood with a relativly little increase in pressure |
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Term
| venous pressure determines venous _____. which is a major determinant of ______ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| total blood volume is a determinant of _________, and thus venous return |
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Definition
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Term
| what effect would sym. stim have on venous walls. and what will that eventually lead too |
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Definition
| decreased compliance=stiffer venous walls>leads to more venous retirn |
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Term
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Definition
| veins compress when muscles squeeze, sending blood back to heart. as the muscles squuuze blood moves past open valved toward heart, but valves do not open backwards which prevents backflow. |
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Term
| respiratory pump-what is it and why does this happen |
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Definition
decreased pressure in heart facilitates return of blood.
this happens because when you inhale pressure in the thoracic cavity drops more expanding the lung and cardiac chamber. |
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Term
| low pressure means Low or HIGH resistance |
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Definition
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