Term
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Definition
| What I have: benign tumor of blood vessels, regress spontaneously. Capillary or cavernous |
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Term
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Definition
| saccular aneurysm in muscular arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| weak media at branch points |
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Term
| ____% of people have a berry aneurysm intracranial |
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Definition
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Term
| Most intracranial berry aneurysms occur in |
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Definition
| Anterior or middle cerebral arteries (communicating) |
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Term
| Berry Aneurysm: complications |
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Definition
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Term
| Arteriovenous Malformation |
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Definition
| maldevelopment-->pulsatile shunt causes know of dilated vessels. Can bleed if in brain. Ok in other organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Post traumatic (after vascular trauma, artery and vein can heal together) or surgically placed (hemodialysis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Raynaud Syndrome (distal arteries in women), Prinzmetal Angina (Coronary arteries-->angina), Migraine (cranial arteries) |
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Term
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Definition
| Syphilis, TB, Rickettsial, bacterial , fungal, viral |
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Term
| Non-Infective Vasculitis: large vessel |
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Definition
| Immune Mediated: Giant cell: older men, most common form, cranial arteries, chronic inflammatory infiltrate, responds to corticosteroids |
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Term
| Non-Infective Vasculitis: medium vessel |
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Definition
| Polyarteritis Nodosa: middle aged men with HBV, acute inflammatory infiltrate (thrombosis occludes), many sites, does not respond to steroids |
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Term
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Definition
| hardening of the arterial wall |
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Term
| Arteriosclerosis: associated with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a type of arteriosclerosis associated with lipid rich deposits |
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Term
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Definition
| proliferative arteriosclerosis of arteries within a transplanted organ(Chronic Rejection): intimal hyperplasia with lipid rich areas |
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Term
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Definition
| proliferative arteriosclerosis of arterialized vein graft due to hemodynamic factors (Coronary artery bypass graft): thickening of concentric smooth muscle and intima |
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Term
| Arteriosclerosis can cause what changes in the vessel wall |
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Definition
| 1) onion-skinning: layers of medial smooth muscle hyperplasia due to malignant HTN. 2) Medial thickening from ECM due to HTN or diabetes |
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Term
| Response to injury hypothesis |
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Definition
| 1) intimal hyperplasia 2) Inflammation, proliferation, fibrosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| HTN, hyperlipidemia, smoking, radiation, cyclosporin, immune reaction (systemic sclerosis, transplant), local hemodynamic factors |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis: epidemiology |
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Definition
| primary cause of morbidity and mortality in developed world |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis: involves |
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Definition
| INTIMAL disorder of large and medium arteries. Focal accumulation of lipid, matrix and inflammatory cells |
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Term
| Primary determinant of acute coronary artery sundromes due to atherosclerosis is |
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Definition
| composition of plaques (rather than size) |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis risk factors |
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Definition
| hyperlipidemia, smoking, HTN, diabetes, family history, age, sex, homocysteine |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis: pathogenesis |
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Definition
| 1) Chronic EC injury 2) EC dysfunction-->increased permeability (leukocyte adhesion, LDL) 3) Smooth muscle emigration from media to intima, macrophage activation 4) macrophages and smooth muscle engulf lipid--Fatty Streak 4) necrotic core and fibrous |
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Term
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Definition
| Abdominal aorta and illiac arteries, coronary arteries, thoracic aorta femoral and popliteal, internal carotid, intracranial |
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Term
| Most atherosclerotic lesions are concentric or eccentric |
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Definition
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Term
| Most atherosclerotic lesions are of epicardial vessels or myocardial vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| Key compensatory mechansims of coronary artery atherosclerosis |
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Definition
| remodeling and dilation associated with medial hypertrophy. Can preserve vessel lumen diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| usual aging process (senile arteriosclerosis), intimal foam cell deposition is the start of atherosclerosis |
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Term
| Necrotic core of an atherosclerotic plaque |
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Definition
| foam cells, cholesterol clefts, matrix |
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Term
| Necrotic core with fibrocalcific plaques are better than thin fibrous caps are better bc |
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Definition
| they can pop and release tissue factor that causes massive thrombosis |
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Term
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Definition
| coronary artery thrombosis in the proximal 1/2 of LADA |
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Term
| plaque induced thrombosis can also be due to |
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Definition
| erosion (women, smokers, peripheral arteries). Rupture more common |
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Term
| Layers within atheroma suggest |
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Definition
| episodic growth and healing |
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Term
| How much stenosis is required from an atheroma to experience symptoms> |
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Definition
| 75% exercise-->angina; 90% ar rest-->angina |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis: complications |
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Definition
| aneurism and rupture, occlusion by thrombosis, stenosis; stroke if in brain |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis: management |
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Definition
| smoking cessation, lose weight, decrease lipidemia, control diabetes, control HTN, exercise |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis: preventive meds |
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Definition
| statins (improve lipoprotein profile), aspirin (prevents thrombosis), heparin (anticoagulant) and inhibitors of platelet fibrinogen receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute phase protein produced by liver in response to inflammation |
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