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Definition
| Early Athenian lawmaker. Established Athenian law code, very strict laws. |
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| Father of polis. Created social classes and council of 400. |
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| Established democracy in Athens. Council of 500, 50 each from 10 tribes. |
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| Ran first 26 miles from Marathon to Athens, to say Persians had been defeated and that they were coming to Athens. |
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| Athenian soldier who warned Athens of 2nd Persian attack. Built navy, got Athens ready. |
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| Temple to Athena in Athens, used to be a 50 ft. Golden statue in Parthenon. |
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| Revered Greek sculptor, painter, architect. May have died as prisoner of Pericles or fled to island of Ellis where great statue of Zeus was. |
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| Greek playwright of tragedy. Wrote the Persians and the Orestia. Myth of "death by turtle" |
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| Writer of Greek Tragedy. Wrote Oedipus the King and Antigone. |
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| Tragedian. Heroes were women and slaves. Wrote Medea |
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| Old Greek comic. Dirty humor. Wrote Lysistrata - Spartan and Persian women withhold sex to try to end war. |
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| Athenian most famous for recording Peloponnesian war. |
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| Philosopher. Man is measure of all things. Judgment and knowledge are relative to person judging and knowing. |
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| Greek historian famous for recording Persian Wars. "Egypt is the Gift of the Nile" |
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| Alexander the Great's Dad. King of Macedonia, then Greece |
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| Greek Orator. Made speeches to raise Athenian war fervor. Had speaking problem as a child. |
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| Persian leader that had to deal with Alexander the Great's Army. |
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| Antigonus, Ptolemy, Seleucus |
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Definition
| When Alex the great is going to die and needed to appoint successor, split empire into 3 parts. Ptolemy got Egypt, Antigonus got most of Asia, and Seleucus got European shit. |
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Definition
| Mathematician and astronomer. Argued for heliocentricity. Developed month and found out that Sun was bigger than the Earth. |
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Definition
| Calculated circumference of Earth. Tilted Earth's axis. Invented leap day. Calculated distance to Sun |
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Definition
| Wrote Elements. 13-book treatise on math. Father of modern Geometry. |
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| Astronomer, mathematician. Predicted eclipses. |
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Definition
| Mathematician. Worked with levers and pulleys. Give me lever long enough and place to stand and I will move the Earth. |
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| Ionian mathematician. Ran perhaps co-ed school. Into metaphysical theorems. |
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| Philosopher and founder of dialectic. Founded Stoicism--one has complete control over destiny. Things happen for a reason. |
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| Philosopher. Believed in Aponia--absence of pain or fear. God's don't care about us, so do what is pleasurable. |
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| Female Greek lyric poet. Wrote about love for other women. Was a women. From Lespos --> Lesbian. |
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| Father of medicine. First to believe divinity, superstition was cause of illness. |
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| Messenger God. Comes from herma (rectangle, square). |
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Definition
| Apollo's twin. Daughter of Zeus and Lido. |
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| Statesman during Athens' Golden Age (480-431 BCE). Mistress Aspasia encouraged the arts. |
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Definition
| Teacher of Plato. Inductive thinking (larger to smaller). Socratic method. Focused on idea of definitions. |
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Definition
| Teacher of Aristotle and Socrates' student. Writings were dialogues. Wrote Republic: 1) what is justice? 2) THeory of Forms (physical and metaphysical things) 3. Sketch of ideal society. |
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Definition
| Student of Plato. Discussed politics and society. Wrote essays. Develops taxonomy for biology, categorical thinking, organizing information. |
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Definition
| He was an Amarite. Conquered Sumer 1765 BC and all Mesopotamia 1755 BCE. Called himself "King of 4 corners of Earth" and "King of JUstice" |
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Term
| Role of women in Mesopotamia |
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Definition
| Could own property but were veiled |
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Definition
| He was the King of upper Egypt. Took over lower Egypt in 3100 BC and created Egyptian empire. |
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Term
| Intermediate period between Old and Middle Kingdom |
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Definition
| Power struggle between pharaoh and high priest. |
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Term
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Definition
| Osiris was God of the Underworld. Married to Isis. Set was his brother. Osiris comes back from hunting, Set has party. Set says only most powerful man can fit in chest, so Osiris goes in. Set cuts Osiris into pieces and throws them into Nile. Isis finds all but dick. |
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Definition
| Good economy, good times. |
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| 2nd Intermediate Period in Egypt |
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Definition
| Small group from Northern Syria called Hyksos takes over. Because of Bronze weapons and a 2-wheel chariot and effective body armor. |
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Definition
| Queen Hatchepsut. Drove Hyksos from Egypt. Daughter of Thutmose I, married 1/2bro Thutmose II. Had son Thutmose III. I and II die, III is too young to rule, so Hatchepsut is ruling regent. Wore men's clothes to show she was king. |
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Definition
| Wanted to find holy land called Punt. She sailed up the Nile. Met many traders along the way, expanded trade, etc. |
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Term
| Amenhotep IV and Nefertiti |
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Definition
| Dad had power struggle with priests. When dad died and he got crown, said Aton was only Sun God and renamed himself Akhenaton. Moved capital to Tell El Amarna. Akhenaton killed. Nefertiti may have ruled. Statues of both destroyed. |
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Definition
| Many theories about relationship to Akhenaton. Crowned at 6 or 8. Died at 18, prolly from disease. Originally Tutankhaton, switched to Tutankhamon. Brought back all Gods, temples, etc. There was a race to find his tomb. Found below tomb of Ramses VI. |
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Term
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Definition
| Had writing in hieroglyphs, demotic, and classical Greek, which allowed the translation of hieroglyphs. |
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| Quote for Greek self-awareness from Sophocles |
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Definition
| "Wonders are many on Earth and the Greatest of these are human" |
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Definition
| Good place for grain in Greece |
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Definition
| Main city is Thebes. Horses are raised there. |
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Definition
| Tribal area in ancient times. United by Philip II in 355 BC. |
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Term
| The Minoans (basic facts) |
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Definition
| Come from island of Crete. Named after King Minos. Must have been many Minos' because he would have lived 500 years |
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Term
| Knossos and Palace in Crete |
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Definition
| 2000 - 1400 BC. Main Minoan city was called Knossos. Big palace there. Great frescoes, with happy things painted on them. Probably sea-trading people. myth of Minotaur. Vanished in 1350 BC. |
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Term
| The Mycenae (basic facts) |
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Definition
| 1500 - 1100 BC. Dug up by same German who found Troy. Warring society, fits story of Trojan War. Agammemnon was King. Very powerful 1400-1200 BC. After this, Dorians attacked, pop declined, art was less prolific. Torched about 1190 BC. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sea-faring, trading people. "Carriers of civlization." Create phonetic alphabet that Greeks picked up. Traded purple dye from snails, purple became symbol of royalty. |
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Term
| Archaic Age (Era of City-State) |
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Definition
| Development of more polises. Acropolis established, which was essential to democracy. Small polis had 10,000 people; Athens had 300,000. Men had rights, women and children did not. Loyalty to the Polis was very important. |
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Term
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Definition
| Each polis had own militia. Fought in phalinx. Alexander the Great used square phalinx. |
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Term
| Beginnings of Greco-Persian War |
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Definition
| When Persia took over another place, they demanded tribute, and men for army. Some Ionians refused, and were stomped. Athens had sent help. Persia declared war on Athens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Persians ruled by Darius I. Brought many people to Marathon. Slept on boats, Greeks surprise attack, win. Persians leave and go toward Athens. Pheidippedes ran from Marathon to Athens. |
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Term
| Middle of Greco-Persian War (Battle of Thermopylae) |
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Definition
| Persians come back with many troops, but are delayed by Darius' death. Xerces becomes king...300... |
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Term
| Battle of Salamis and afterward. |
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Definition
| Persians arrive at a deserted Athens. Destroy it. Capture a double-agent slave, who leads them to strait of Salamis, which is very narrow. Athens wins. Over next two years remaining Persians sack many Greek polises. Greeks make stand at Plataea (Battle of Plataea). Persians go home. |
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Term
| Delian League, Peloponessian League |
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Definition
| After Plataea, Athens sets up Delian League in case Persians come back. Spartans don't like Athens' power and set up own Peloponessian League. Peloponnesian war is Delian League vs. Peloponnesian League. Sparta aligns with Persia during this War. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of very first historians. Heroditus added aspect of motive, reason to accounts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural theology/religion. Struck by variety of religion. "If the cows had Gods, their Gods would be cows." Believes reason should be used to discuss God. God would be invisible, eternal, and single. Radical monotheism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Looks for underlying principle. "You can never step in the same river twice." |
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Term
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Definition
| What does it mean "to be?" Idea of Proof |
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Term
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Definition
| The rise of "modern" physics around 500 BC. Track Star and Turtle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Women wore elaborate and modern clothing, and probably were not subujugated. Women may be helping the "bulljumping." May have been a matriarchal society. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clytemnestra was buried with just as much glory as Agammemnon. Women probably worked in "cottage industries" |
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Term
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Definition
| 1100-750 BC Subjugated, remained at home. They could become professional mourners. Homer gave women honor. Some scholars argue that Greek women were degraded by Greeks. Hera is nagging wife, Aphrodite is Slut. |
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Term
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Definition
| Religion in Greece did not carry as much power as in Mesopotamia/Egypt. At Delphi, Apollo supposedly talked through women. Women would stand over venthole, someone else would "translate," and give an ambiguous answer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Women could NOT go. Heraean games were women's Olympics. Sparta always won. |
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Term
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Definition
| Grave markers. Female called Kore. Males called Kouros. Kouros always nude, Kore clothed. One of first nude female sculptures is famous Venus. |
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Term
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Definition
| very badly treated, and were not allowed to own property. |
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Term
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Definition
| There were a lot of slaves, so women just exercised. |
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Term
| Women in intellectual and cultural life. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Belief in one God, but don't disagree w/ other Gods. |
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Term
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Definition
| Good fighters from Central Asia. Greatest from 1650-1600 BC. |
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Term
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Definition
| Best from 1450-1300 BC. Used rich iron tools and technology. |
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Term
| The Assyrians (basic facts) |
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Definition
| Huge army. Brutal conquerers, impaled people. King Sennacherib wanted to build a new capital, on the Tigris, so built Nineveh. |
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Term
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Definition
| Marcus Aurelius dies in 180. Commodus is his incapable, brutal emperor son. Had no successor, so civil war resulted after his death. |
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Definition
| Roman Emperor (winner of civil war after Commodus dies). Blatantly ignored the senate. Whole family is vicious and brutal. Son Caracalla |
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Term
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Definition
| after his death, more civil war. Disturbing social economic trends. 26 emperors during this period. |
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Term
| Disturbing Economic Trends after Caracalla's Death |
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Definition
| Heavy taxes to support war...Plagues...Serious inflation, Germans start beating Romans in North...Roman legions being thinned by Germans and by fighting against other Romans... |
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Term
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Definition
| Barbarians from Germany who sacked Rome and then went to Spain. |
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Term
| Why did Visigoths come through Rome? |
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Definition
| Huns (w/ Atila) push Ostrogoths West. Visigoths sack Rome on way to Spain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Germanic tribe from Poland who take over Algeria and then use it as a base to sack Rome -- helped by political disarray (murder of Valentinian III) |
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Term
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Definition
| Divided empire into Eastern and Western halves. Diocletian chooses East, gives Constantine the Western Half. Diocletian rules from Nicomedia, close to Byzantium. Resigned in 305 to see how system worked. Returned to state Religion -- led to "Great Persecution." Civil War when he retires -- Constantine wins. |
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Term
| Economic Programs under Diocletian |
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Definition
| fixed uniform prices for products. Taxing of farmers. Initiative that said jobs are hereditary. |
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Term
| Constantine and Christianity |
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Definition
| mother was Christian -- said that Christianity would help him win the war, he converted. Moves Capital from Byzantium to Constantinople. Heavy taxes, horrible administrator |
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Term
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Definition
| Legalized all religions -- thought it would create unity, but when Christians come out of hiding, they find they are all different. |
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Term
| Trend for the fall of the Roman Empire |
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Definition
| Economy Gap, Bonded Farmers ... Decline in values (patriotism)...plague...selfish upper class...oppressive militaristic gov... corruption...dividing empire helps E and kills W, people cannot afford to pay taxes...lack of industry because of abundance of slaves |
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Term
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Definition
| Rivers freeze in 409. Odoacer (prob. Germanic), sacks Rome. 410 is official fall of Rome. |
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Term
| What was the Germanic view of the Romans? |
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Definition
| Many of the Germanic people admired Roman accomplishment and badly wanted to preserve its culture. They sometimes would even fight for Rome. |
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Term
| Medieval Culture is a hybrid of what three things? |
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Definition
| Roman, German, and Christian traditions |
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Term
| What were physical differences between Germanic people and Celts/Romans? |
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Definition
| They looked ragged, were tall, often blond and blue-eyed. |
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Term
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Definition
Smallest --> Largest
Family --> Clan --> Tribe. A tribe was essential for survival. Tribes would often declare war on other tribes to increase status. |
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Term
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Definition
| Germanic tribes had leadership groups where tribe leaders could talk to each other...these meetings were called "the thing" |
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Term
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Definition
| Worth of an individual in a blood fued. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reiks could attract warrior following by handing out spoils of war. Resulted in inter-tribal group called Comitatus. Very loyal. |
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Term
| Visigoths, Romans, and Christianity |
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Definition
| Huns run into Visigoths and Ostrogoths. Vs and Os ask Romans for help. Romans say yes w/ condition of Christianity. Convert to arianism, common form in east. Troops from Rome never show up, Vs pushed west, defeat Valens <--> emperor, sack rome, and keep moving west. |
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Term
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Definition
| In 408, order comes for Roman officers to leave Britain. Angles, Saxons, and Jutes moved to escape the Huns. |
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Term
| Death of Attila and defeat of Huns |
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Definition
| Roman general Etius (w/ coalition of Germans and Romans) kills Attila and forces Huns to retreat east, to HUNgary, looting Roman towns along the way |
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Term
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Definition
| A Frankish Dynasty. Clovis and Cliotilde (c. 496) are part of this. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of Merovingians. Clovis -- Brutal and wily chieftain. Conquered land on Gaul. Cleotilde -- One of Clovis' wives -- got Clovis to convert to Catholicism --> Clovis attacked Arians. Successors are weak. |
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Term
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Definition
| Frankish noble ruling family |
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Term
| Charles "the Hammer " Martel |
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Definition
| Islam has become big religion. Has crossed into Europe via Spain. IN 732, at Tours, Charles defeats the Muslims. Had a son called pepin the Short. |
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Term
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Definition
| Had opportunity to help Pope, who was being attacked by the Lombards. Pope gives full Papal support for Pepin's dominion over Francs. Land Pepin conquered in battle is given back to Pope --> Papal States. Has son Charlemagne |
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Term
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Definition
| Son of Pepin the Short. Rules long and fights lots. Fought against Germans. Attacked Muslim groups in Spain. |
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Term
| 5 Sources of Charlemagne's Power |
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Definition
| 1.Reiks/Comitatus ; 2. Personal Charisma -- Great, energetic warrior giant for his time; 3. Head of Frankish Army (huge!); 4. Christianity (had Charlemagne been chosen by God?); 5. Idea of Roman Empire and Roman Power |
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Term
| Charlemange and Roman Ideals |
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Definition
| Admired Romans...advocated education, set up schools. Because of this, this period is nicknamed Carolingian Renaissance. Started practice of separating words, punctuation. |
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Term
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Definition
| overseers of the counts -- two missi domenici so corruption is more difficult |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Education that focuses on grammar, dialectic, and rhetoric. |
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Term
| Treaty of Verdun and Louis the Pious |
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Definition
| Charlemagne's son, Louis the Pious dies. He has three sons. By Treaty of Verdun, his land was split between his three sons. This didn't work well |
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Term
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Definition
| Political system based on mutual obligations between a lord and vassals. System of political decentralization, where old public power is not private. |
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Term
| Mutual Obligations -- Lord/Vassal |
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Definition
Lord: Gives fief to vassal, mediates struggles btwn vassals, provides military protection for vassals
Vassals: Give lord 45-120 days of military service/year, pay ransom for lord if captured, host lord if he is traveling, give lord word/honor |
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Term
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Definition
| 7-14: Pretty much a page. 14: Apprentice. 21: Lord will then incept him as full knight. Knights are lowliest nobles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic System based on mutual obligation between lords and serfs. |
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Term
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Definition
| was Duke of Normandy and then King of England |
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Term
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Definition
| William the Conqueror defeated Harold the Fat, and subsequently conquered England |
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Term
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Definition
| Record of great survey of England done by William the Conqueror...similar to a census today... |
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Term
| Henry II and Thomas Beckett |
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Definition
| Henry II and TB were freinds as kids, HII appoints TB as archbishop of Canterbury, and they start to argue over shit. Knights misinterpret "will no one rid me of this problem?" and kill TB. TB becomes martyr. |
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Term
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Definition
| French princess married Henry II -- French didn't like this. Henry II created common law, established courts. |
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Term
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Definition
| The giving of a church office to a layperson. |
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Term
| How did 1st Crusade start? |
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Definition
| Seljuk Turks near Constantinople. Eastern Roman Emperor Alexius I says, "we can't beat them." Asks Pope Urban II for help. He asks for Christains to rise in arms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Huge Christian army pillages Anatolia and Syria, and re-takes Jerusalem. Then the army goes away. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muslims get organized under Saladin, and push the Christians out of the Middle East. |
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Term
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Definition
| Richard "the Lionhearted" v. Saladin...eventually come to truce saying Muslims will control holy land, but allow Christian pilgrims to come through peacefully. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deepened interaction betweten learned Arabs and stupid Christians. Trade, New knowledge in W. Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
| bubonic, pneumonic...pneumonic is worse because it affected lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Came from the Gobi Desert, worked its way to the Black Sea...ships carried it into Europe (Quarantino) |
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Term
| Symptoms of sickness of Black Plague |
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Definition
| Started as fleabite, bubos start showing up, then black spots, then very high fever and death. Smelled horrible. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Black Plague era, people thought the disease was God's punishment. Thought if they punished themselves, it might not be so bad. |
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Term
| The Black Plague and Pogroms |
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Definition
| Some thought the Black Plague was caused by the Jews --> pogroms. |
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Term
| Three forms of Gov according to Aristotle and perversions...which was his favorite practically and ideally? |
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Definition
| Royalty (Tyrrany), Aristocracy (Oligarchy), Constitutional (Democracy)...Liked democracy practically, but royalty really. |
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Term
| Definition of justice according to Aristotle |
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Definition
| Justice is bond between men and states. |
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Term
| When was Rome founded and by whom? |
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Definition
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Term
| Groups of early settlers in Rome |
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Definition
Etruscans--Gave Romans lots of their culture, including gladiator games
Greeks -- In Sicily and all over southern Italy, for example Paestum.
Latins -- Also around, spoke Latin |
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Term
| Story of Tarquin the King |
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Definition
| violent, vicious, savage king. HIs son raped an aristocrat's daughter, who told her family and then killed herself. Tarquin did not punish son--> they were both exiled. |
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Term
| Early Roman Republic -- what kind of gov, and army standards... |
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Definition
| Oligarchic Republic. had to serve 10 years in army if you had a horse, or 18 if you did not. |
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Term
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Definition
| Assembly made up of 193 Centuries, divided according to wealth. Group 1 voted first, so Pleibeians had very little say. |
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Term
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Definition
| ELected for 1 year, with 10 years in between. 2 consuls (chec and balance). control over public money, army. preside over cent. assembly and senate. |
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Term
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Definition
| In extreme cases, dictator was elected for 6 months. Cincinatus when they were trying to decide whether to meet an enemy outside the city or let them lay siege. Cincinatus met thin outside, beat them in 6 weeks, and went back to being a farmer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Judges with one-year terms. THere were 8 areas of law. Judges would be randomly assigned. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conducted census, also were a sort of moral leader. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elected by council of Plebs. They were the supervisors of public events and games, and were the equivalent of modern mayors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Treasurers and also criminal investigators. |
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Term
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Definition
Tiberius Gracchus (tribune) was angry that vets were treated badly; proposed limited property, vitoed, ran for unlawful re-election, murdered.
Bro Gaius Gracchus tried same thing, and was also killed. |
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Term
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Definition
| council of 10 men who wrote laws on 12 tablets. At first, pleibites had no rights, but were angry and had numbers, so their rights grew and grew... |
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Term
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Definition
| Fighting for home, great army, believed in duty, patriotic. BY 265 BCE, had most of Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, won Punic Wars. |
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Term
| Fall of Republic -- Land Issue |
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Definition
| Central Italy has great Land. Gov. bought and consolidated large amounts of land and worked it w/ slaves. Farmers couldn't compete, lost jobs, went to Rome, got shit jobs, created proletariat. Also created "new money rich" class called Equites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Optimates liked old money, populares liked new money... |
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Term
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Definition
| Reorganized army: pays soldiers from lower classes, promised land to veterans, uniform equipment bc gov. now provides it, but now has to tax in provinces...now no place to retire to...marius promises them farms...has problems w/ landowners. OVERALL, THE ARMY IS NOW PERSONAL! |
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Term
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Definition
| Military leader who worked his way up to high status, represented equites...when he felt populares had too much power, he marched on Rome and kicked them out, then turned on equites and kicked them out too, sulla becomes dictator, and then just plain retires giving republic second chance! |
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Term
| Pompey before triumvirate |
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Definition
| Military man, wants recognition, senate refuses because they are afraid of power struggle, this gives him excuse to grab power. |
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Term
| Pompey and First Triumvirate |
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Definition
| Pompey, J. Caesar, Crassus. Crassus steps back, Pompey vs. Caesar. Caesar has been gone campaigning. Comes back (crossing Rubicon) and Pompey flees. Caesar appointed Dictator for life! |
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Term
| Why is Caesar assassinated? |
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Definition
| Friends of Pompey, time spent w/ Cleopatra, smell of monarchy |
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Term
| Influence of Caesar on empire |
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Definition
| Gained support from everywhere by projecting "joe the plumber" image...gave citizenship to nobles of provinces, sold lower classes of conquered areas into slavery making money |
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Term
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Definition
| Planned to avenge Caesar's death...did. Then Octavian, Ledipus, Marcus Antonius. Ledipus steps back, Octavian vs. MA. MA goes out w/ Cleopatra now. Octavian wins at battle of Actium, MA and Cleopatra dead. |
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Definition
| Changed name to Augustus. Created titles for himself, maintained powerless senate, cast himself as man for "return to normalcy," started pax romana. |
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| Huge extent of slavery...There were huge farm collectives of slaves, teacher slaves (normally Greeks, slaves who worked on public buildings...Treatment was often very, very poor (e.g. gladiators, who were slaves trained to die an entertaining death). |
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| Emancipation of Slaves in Rome |
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Definition
| Freed slaves made up a completely separate social class, called the liberti. Wore the Phyrigian Cap. Had most rights that free people did, but could not hold high public office. Normally freed because of good deed for master etc. |
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Definition
| spirits on earth thought of as gods that were present in places or objects |
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Definition
| pirits whose functions were thought of as guardians of the household and storeroom |
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Definition
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| discerned divine signs through bird actions. |
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Term
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| Started out as cult worship of deceased emperors. Domitian was the only Roman emperor to declare himself a God while still alive. |
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Definition
| Dignity, seriousness, duty |
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Definition
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| Created by Cicero to describe a good human |
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Definition
| Laws written on 12 ivory tablets...covered civil procedure, debt, family, inheritance, property, real property, torts, constitution, funeral, marriage and crime |
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Definition
| Citizen law. Law that concerned the normal citizens of rome. |
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Definition
| Law of peoples. Applied to foreigners. |
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Definition
| natural law...law natural to all beings. |
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Term
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Definition
| leges (laws passed by councils), Senate, Edicta (edicts established by executive magistrates), Prince, and Legal opinion of individual judges. |
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Definition
| compilation of all existing imperial law. |
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Definition
| Given considerable power as a result of emphasis on child-bearing. Although they could hold citizenship and property, they had very little freedom in society. This was dependent on individual relationships with their husbands and their social class. |
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Term
| Roman Art and Architecture |
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Definition
| Lots of Greek influence, but used arch and dome. Sculptures were often copies of Greek works. |
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Definition
| Roman playwright and comedian...wrote first musicals...greatly influenced by Aristophanes. |
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Definition
| Roman Comic who worked hard to write natural conversational Latin. Famous for Andria |
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| Roman historian, biographer, essayist, and platonist. |
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| Where Constantinople was...Greek Speaking Roman Empire of middle ages. |
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Definition
| Started as land conflict over Sicily...Rome brought troops down but could not deal with Carthaginian "guerrilla navy." Finally, a ship got shipwrecked. Rome modeled ships after this one and added a corvus, or the attack hooks that allowed Romans to board. THe war after this was a succession of Roman victories. |
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Term
| Hannibal and Hamilcar Barca |
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Definition
| Hamilcar Barca was Hanibal's father...told Hanibal to hate Romans. When it was Hanibal's turn to rule, he took an army over the alps and marched on Rome from the North...he won many battles but could not take Rome. |
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Definition
| After defeating Carthaginian forces in Hispania, marched on Cartaginian cities, and lastly Carthage itself. Defeated Hanibal finally at the Battle of Zama, and the war was won. |
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Term
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Definition
| After 3rd Punic war, Carthage suffered many rage by their neighbor Numidians. Rome liked Numidia and favored them. One time Carthage repelled them, and Cato the Censor said "Carthage must be destroyed." |
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Term
| New Order of Empire Under Augustus |
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Definition
| Kept order of empire, but could do anything he wanted to |
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Term
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Definition
| well-payed, merit based civil service; new boundaries allowing efficient rule; new Roman road system to quell rebellion, expanision, Praetorian guard, Coins called denarius/denari; More public buildings; fire department and police; made tax collection part of the government; "bread and circuses" |
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Term
| Caligula (Julio-Claudian) |
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Definition
| Crazy ruler who took advice from his horse and his favorite statue. Killed his sister and senators. Killed by the Praetorian Guard, who picked Claudius as the next ruler. |
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Term
| Claudius (Julio-Claudian) |
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Definition
| Rome conquered most of GBR under his rule. Blend of Celtic/Roman culture is called culture of Britons. Poisoned, maybe by wife, so that Nero could rule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Huge perfectionist. Killed mom, sister, step-bro, went paranoid. Built huge palace next to Colosseum. |
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Definition
Civil war in 69AD, 3 generals die, Vespatian lives. He was first emperor from common class. Built colosseum and expanded Borders.
Titus came next. Wasn't good. SPent time in Capri. Disliked and murdered, maybe by wife. Domitian takes over. He's not good either. |
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Term
| 5 Good Emperors (name them in order) |
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Definition
| Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius |
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Term
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Definition
| Supported the Arts. Adopted Trajan, commander of army, as his son. THis became standard practice to make good rulers. |
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| Not Roman. Expands Rome to largest. On deathbed (from fever), adopts his cousin Hadrian as his son. |
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Definition
| Built wall to keep Celts away from southern Britons. Consolidated things. Very good w/ architecture, and very educated. |
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Definition
| Stoic. Hypocrisy drove him mad. Death marks end of Pax Romana. Son Commodus. Praetorian Guard murders commodus and auctions off empire. |
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Term
| Celtic Kings and Warrior Class |
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Definition
| King was best warrior and constantly had to prove himself. If the warrior class felt disrespected, they would start a blood feud with other family groups. Fought as individuals, emphasis on dying well. Would intimidate by acting crazy. |
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Definition
| could be born in to this class. Polytheistic. Priests viewed as "seers." Not associated with a family group, but were welcomed by all. |
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| Captured Celts from other groups. |
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