Term
| what causes continuous murmurs |
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Definition
PDA (Patent Ductus arteriosus)
Arteriovenous Malformation
Venous Hum |
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Term
| Aortic stenosis --> syncope. explain mechanism |
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Definition
| exertion causes Systemic BP drop, to compensate, CO has to increase. Stenosis prevent CO increase so due to systemic decrease BP cuases cerebral hypoperfusion |
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Term
| systolic Aortic murmer radiates to where from aortic valvular area |
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Definition
| to the neck. S4 gallop and RHF are common |
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Term
| Aortic stenosis: what shape heart could show up in xray? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most common reason for aortic leaflet abnormalities? |
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Definition
| Infective Endocarditis. (no common - anorexigenic drugs) |
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Term
| Aortic root abnormalities causes |
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Definition
Marfan syndrome
HTN
Syphilis
Aortic dissection
Ankylosing spondylitis
psoriatic arthritis |
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Term
| Sx for aortic regurg. what is the main cause of aortic regug. |
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Definition
Dyspnea on exertion
orthopnea
fatigue
less commonly angina
Cause: infective endocarditis (most common)
Rheumatic heart disease, bicuspid aortic valve and anorexigenic drug |
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Term
| Austin Flint murmur is heard in what condition? |
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Definition
| Aortic Regurg--due to aortic regurgitation , originating at the mitral valve when blood enters simultaneously from both the aorta and the left atrium; |
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Term
| what kind of medication could be given to pt with aortic regurg? |
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Definition
| Vasodilators: to reduce after load |
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Term
| what is the most common cause of Mitral stenosis? most common in M or Female |
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Definition
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Term
| what are common sx in mitral stenosis? |
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Definition
| dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, PND, Hemoptosis (common due to the Pulmonary edema), RV failure, ascites and edema |
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Term
what is normal on ECG for Mitral stenosis?
tx ? |
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Definition
A-Fib. Anticoagulations should be given to this pt.
tx: Mitral stenosis can be prevented with appropriate use of antibiotic treatment of B hemolytic strep infections.
Asymptomatic patients do not require therapy.
Symptoms of mild dyspnea and orthopnea can be treated with diuretics alone. |
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Term
what happens to SV in mitral regurg?
PE would show what for MVR |
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Definition
decrease due to regurg flow in LA
PE: Apical impulse is displaced downward and to the left.
S1 may be softer, S2is usually physiologically split. S2 is followed by S3.
Murmer is a holosystolic apical murmer that radiates to the axilla |
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Term
| ECG would show what in Mitral regurg |
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Definition
| LV hypertrophy and LA abnormality |
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Term
| mid systolic click would be heard in what condition? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Early to midsystolic
Soft (I-II/VI)
Vary with respiration
Normal exam and W/U |
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Term
| 5 type of pathologic murmurs |
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Definition
Pathologic:
All diastolic murmurs
All pansystolic murmurs
Late systolic murmurs
Very loud murmurs
Continuous murmurs |
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Term
| in grading thrill starts from what grade |
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Definition
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Term
| why angina happens with aortic stenosis? |
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Definition
| Dyspnea on certion. Symptoms occur due to limited coronary blood flow reserve or due to inadequate hypertrophy allowing increased wall stress and oxygen consumption to increase |
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Term
| steroid use could do what in valve? |
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Definition
| calcify the valve by increase deposition of CA++ and increase infection rate of valve. (vegetative endocarditis) |
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Term
| aortic regurgitation what happens to heart? |
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Definition
| volume overoad in LV--> hyperthrophy to compensate volume overload |
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Term
on PE
Hyperactive impulse on palpation of precordium
Displacement of PMI downward and left
Diastolic blowing murmur following s2 best heard along left sternal border
what is the condition? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| palpitations,syncope,chest pain |
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Term
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Definition
A mid systolic click and late systolic murmur.
Valsalva manuever causes the click to occur earlier and the murmur to be more holosystolic and louder. |
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Term
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Definition
Most patients only need to observe standard endocarditis prophalaxis
B Blockers help relieve sx of palpitations
Low dose aspirin therapy ( 81mg ) is recommended for patients with redundent leaflets to reduce risk of stroke |
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms of R sided heart failure: acites, edema, and occaisionally right upper quadrant pain.
P.E. = JVD, hepatic enlargement and liver pulsations, parasternal lift |
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Term
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Definition
If cause is LV failure – treatment is directed toward treating LV failure. ( ie; doe, orthopnea, fatigue, edema, dyspnea, etc.)
If cause is pulmonary disease, treatment is guided toward improving lung function.
Treatment is usually medical in nature. Surgical tx usually not required. If surgery is required, valve repair is better then valve replacement. |
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