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| Slave, infantry in a military context |
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| Christian empire of Ethiopia |
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| Commander of the Faithful, title of 'Umar and later caliphs |
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| Medinan supporters of Muhammad |
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| Semitic language spoken by Christians of the Near East |
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| Turkish title for a deputy of a monarch or governor, often a tutor of princes |
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| Oldest Islamic seminary, established by Fatimids in 970-72 |
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| Christians of Egypt adhering to Monophysite theology |
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| Islamic territory/abode of Islam |
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| Non-Islamic territory/abode of war |
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| Revolution and eventual state or empire |
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| People of the book or Protected people |
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| Register of state treasury payment of Muslims |
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| Christians adhering to the theology that Christ had two distinct natures, Divine and human |
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| Traditions and sayings attributed to Muhammad and his companions |
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| Pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the five pillars of Islam |
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| Pre-Islamic monotheist, non-Christian, non-Jewish |
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| Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 |
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| When in a name, means "son of", female equivalent is 'Bint' |
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| Historical consensus on legal issues, a source of Islamic law |
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| Independent reasoning or inference, a source of Islamic law |
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| Tax farming or administrative grant of land |
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| Chain of authorities for a hadith |
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| Age of ignorance, pre-Islamic period of paganism |
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| Holy war legally, self purification as a spiritual concept |
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| Poll tax levied on non-Muslims |
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| Pagan shrine and later Islamic pilgrimage shrine, black cubical structure in Mecca |
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| Sufi tavern/lodge, later connected with tombs/Shrines |
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| Caliph, notion of humankind representing God on earth |
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| Early puritanical sect in Islam which declared other Muslims as infidels |
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| Muslim seminary or school |
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| What is in the Muslim public interest, a source of Islamic law |
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| Dualistic religion established in Iraq in the 3rd century by Mani, whose followers were persecuted by Zoroastrians, Christians, and later Muslims |
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| 1071, opened Anatolia to Turks and Islam |
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| Near Eastern Christians adhering to the theology that Christ had one nature consisting of a divine and human element |
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| Meccan emigrant supporters of Muhammad |
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| Muslim hypocrites associated with the Battle of Khandaq in 627 CE |
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| Islamic theological school emphasizing rationality/reason, as well as the createdness of the Koran |
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| Non-Arab clients of Arab tribes |
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| 637, Muslims captured Iraq from Sassanian empire |
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| Pre-Islamic and Islamic poetic form |
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| Turkic tribes from Central Asia |
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| Key instigator of the First Crusade, dies 1115 |
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| Initiated First Crusade (1095-1099), dies 1099 |
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| Analogical reasoning, a source of Islamic law |
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| Rightly guided caliphs, Abu Bakr (632-34), Umar (634-44), Uthman (644-56), and 'Ali (656-661) |
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| Byzantine domains, Anatolia |
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| Monotheistic religion who worship stellar angels, also known as "Baptists" |
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| Salah al-Din (Saladin in Latin) |
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| Founder of Ayyubid Dynasty, reconquered Jerusalem in 1187 |
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| Fasting, one of the five pillars of Islam |
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| Muslim Scholar or head of Sufi order |
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| Followers of Ali ibn Abi Talib, first Shiite Imam and fourth Sunni Caliph |
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| Polytheism or associating aught with God |
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| Chain of Sufi authorities or Shaykhs |
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| 657, between 'Ali and Mu'awiyya, latter the founder of Umayyad Empire |
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| Political, military power as opposed to religious |
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| Tradition of Muhammad and his companions |
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| Followers of the tradition of Muhammad and his companions, vast majority of Muslims |
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| Declaring a Muslim to be an infidel |
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| Sufi "path", order, or guild |
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| Followers of Twelve imams |
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| Muslim scholars or clerics |
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| Islamic tax paid by Muslims |
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| Persian dualistic religion founded by Zoroaster whose sacred book is the Avesta |
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| Shahada (profession of faith), Salat (prayers), Sawm (Ramadan fasting), Zakat (alms), Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca), some consider Jihad the sixth pillar |
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| God's unity, Justice, prophethood, Imama, Resurrection |
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| Hanafi - Iraq, Maliki - Medina, Shafi'i - Medina, Hanbali - Iraq |
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