Term
| Which nucleotide bases are purines and which are pyrimidines? |
|
Definition
PYrimidines = "CUT the PY" = Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine
PURines = PURe As Gold = Adenine and Guanine |
|
|
Term
| Which proteins make up the core of a nucleosome? |
|
Definition
| Histones = H2A, H2B, H3, H4 |
|
|
Term
| Which proteins are associated with DNA between nucleosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of mutation that does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of mutation that results in a change in the amino acid sequence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of mutation that results in a stop codon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of mutation that changes the reading frame? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of mutation in which a portion of DNA is lost? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of mutation in which a single base is exchanged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| failure of chromosomes to disjoin properly during cell division? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the loss of a portion of a chromosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two internal chromosomal breaks with inverted reincorporation of a portion of the chromosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Single breaks in two chromosomes resultnig in exchange of the two segments between the chromosomes without the loss of genetic material? |
|
Definition
| balanced reciprocal translocation |
|
|
Term
| Single breaks in 2 acrocentric chromosomes resulting in one large chromosome and one small one accompanied by the loss of some genetic material - hereditary form of down syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Robertsonian translocation |
|
|
Term
| Mitotic error in early development leading to the development of two karyotypically distinct populations of cells in an organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the AT rich sequences in the genome where DNA replication begins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which direction are DNA and RNA made? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three stop codons? |
|
Definition
U Go Away = UGA (Univ of GA)
U Are Away = UAA
U Are Gone = UAG |
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the DNA strand made discontinuously away from the replication fork? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to describe the DNA strand synthesized continuously toward the replication fork? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which proteins are involved in removal of damaged bases from DNA? |
|
Definition
| apurinic or apyrimidinic endonuclease, exonuclease and DNA ligase |
|
|
Term
| Which proteins are used to repair UV damage to DNA? |
|
Definition
| UV specific endonuclease, exonuclease and DNA ligase |
|
|
Term
| Which proteins are used for proofreading newly made DNA strands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which proteins are used in DNA chain elongation in prokaryotes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which proteins are used in the removal of RNA primers from DNA made discontinuously? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which proteins are used in the placement of RNA primers at the site where replication is initiated? |
|
Definition
| Primase and RNA Polymerase |
|
|
Term
| Which proteins are used in the prevenetion of supercoiling during replication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which proteins are used in the unwinding of the DNA double helix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which proteins are used in the recognition of AT rich sequences and origin of replication and separation of DNA strands in bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which protein is used to stabalize single-stranded DNA? |
|
Definition
| Single stranded DNA binding proteins |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest RNA molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most abundant type of RNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the smallest RNA molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the portion of RNA transcript encoding information for protein synthesis? |
|
Definition
| exons (exons are expressed) |
|
|
Term
| Portion of the RNA transcript that is found between sequences of RNA encoding info for protein synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of RNA covalently bound to a single amino acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Region of genomic DNA where RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to regulate transcription? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Region of genomic DNA where transcription factor activators bind to enhance transcription? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| region of genomic DNA where repressors bind? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme needed for synthesis of rRNA? mRNA? tRNA? |
|
Definition
rRNA = RNA Pol I
mRNA = RNA Pol II
tRNA = RNA Pol III |
|
|
Term
| Name the three major regulatory mechanisms of transcription in eukaryotes? |
|
Definition
1. regulation by transcription factors at the level of the promotor
2. regulation by histones binding to specific genomic regions
3. regulation of DNA structure - methylation, rearrangement, amplification |
|
|
Term
| What genetic structure regulates transcription in prokaryotes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which part of the operon is reponsible for:
1. region where proteins bind to enable transcription
2. molecule that binds at the promotor
3. sequence in DNA where regulatory proteins bind
4. molecule that binds the operator to regulate transcription |
|
Definition
1. promotor region
2. activator or repressor
3. operator
4. repressor |
|
|
Term
| What are the three modifications made to an RNA transcript before it leaves the nucleus? |
|
Definition
1. 5' capping
2. 3' polyadenylation
3. splicing of introns |
|
|
Term
| which small molecule provides the energy for charging a tRNA with its amino acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which small molecule provides the energy for binding a tRNA with its amino acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which molecules central to the discipline of molecular bio, recognize and cleave specific sequences of a DNA molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
