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| found cape of good hope, then turned around |
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| went to cape of good hope, and kept going to Asia |
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| found Brazil, and now they speak Portugese |
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| wealth, wanted to spread Portuguese culture, wanted to spread Catholicism |
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| Christopher Columbus' birth city |
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| Venetian, honored guest of Kublah khan |
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| Portugal was superpower of exploration |
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| best maps and mapmakers, best ships, best navigational tools, support from the monarchy |
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| reasons why Europeans explored |
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| curiosity and adventure, potential wealth, fame, national pride, religious freedom, rare foreign goods, faster/cheaper trade routes |
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| Bering Strait/ Land Bridge |
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| Indians came by way of this |
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more primitive: gathered nuts/wildberries, hunted/fished, or starved if nothing was available
formed tribes that spoke the same language
varied in physical appearance |
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| Viking, first explorer came from norway and ended up on iceland |
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| Eric the Red's son, landed on canada, smelled wild grapes, called it vinland |
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practiced botany
great stone builders
incas and mayans built pyramids
mathemeticians |
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| 10 million native americans |
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| family (clan) > tribe > ? |
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| Goes to portugal to see king john for sponsorship |
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| gives latitude and longitude |
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| goes to spain (second country) to see king ferdinand and queen isabella for sponsorship |
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| CC was physically on this ship |
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| Nin~a, Pinta, Santa Maria |
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| Palos, Spain (August 3rd, 1492) |
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| CC left from here on first voyage |
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| where CC landed. called it San salvador. natives thought they were from heaven |
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| Hispaniola (today, Haiti, Dom. Rep.) |
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| "hub" island of CC's adventures |
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| indians, parrots, corn, tobacco, some gold |
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| what CC brought back to Spain |
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| suggested it was a whole new continent, German mapmaker named America after him |
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| Panama, called pacific ocean "south sea", power struggle in panama and balboa was beheaded (1519) |
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| looking for FoY and gold, Caribbean and florida, St. Augustine, first european to see North America |
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| oldest city in NA, established by Ponce de Leon |
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| Ferdinand Magellan 1519-1522 |
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| Magellan's Straits, died in april 1521, stabbed, his ship crossed the indian ocean and went around the tip of Africa to prove that the world is round |
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| brought 600 soldiers to new world, from spain to mexico, discovers aztecs, chief montezuma befriends him and gives him gold, chief m. kills cortes bc of mooching, spain conquers mexico |
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| Francisco Pizarro 1531-1535 |
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| encounters incas in SA, chief atahualpa befriends he and gives him gold, he arrests the chief and says "fill this whole room with gold and i'll give ur chief back" they did, but he killed the chief anyway, brought alot of wealth to spain |
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| everything they find is theirs |
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| crew of 260 people, only 4 out of 260 people survived, but only 1 guy ever made it back to Europe (cabeza de vaca) |
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| comes to mexico, hears indians talk about cibola, heads NE, Kansas, discovers Grand Canyon |
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| Spanish contributions to the New World |
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| domesticated animals, fruit and nut trees, Christianity, spanish architecture, firearms, slavery, spanish language |
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| nova scotia, turned away and never came back again bc he wanted to find a water route to china |
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| sea dog, goes around SA and steals stuff from spanish, stopped acapoco, stopped in washington, wealth, went around the world in approx. 3 years |
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| King of Spain who had 3 Demands of England |
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| Demands, from King Philip II |
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1: e must return the gold they stole
2: e must aplogize for drakes actions
3: e must punish drake (kill him) |
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| Queen elizabeth's respons to demands of KPII |
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| she knighted Francis Drake |
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| where the Spanish armada parked for R&R, to eat, drink, and be merry |
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| we shall pluck them feather by feather!! |
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