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| The cheapest accommodations on a steamship |
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| People who move from one country to live in another |
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| A tiny island in New York Harbor where a huge building served as the processing center for many of the immigrants arriving from Europe after 1892 |
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| A Danish-born journalist who wrote "How the Other Half Lives," a book about slum life, in 1890s |
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| An insurrection in China that caused much suffering - many Chinese left for the United States to escape |
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| A barracks in California where Asian immigrants awaited the results of their immigration hearings |
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| An extreme dislike of immigrants by native-born people - nativists opposed immigration |
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| American Protective Association |
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| An anti-Catholic association that vowed not to hire or vote for Catholics - started by Henry Bowers in 1887 |
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| This 1882 law barred Chinese immigration for 10 years an prevented the Chinese already in thr country from becoming citizens |
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| Tall, steel frame buildings |
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| A designer of skyscrapers from Chicago - his buildings featured simple lines and spacious windows |
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| In the late 1880s, these wealthy people built extravagant homes and spent money on social activities |
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| In the late 1880s, these people were doctors, lawyers, engineers, and managers - they could afford luxuries, their own homes, and usually one live-in servant |
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| In the late 1880s, these people lived in crowded apartments in the cities and struggled to make ends meet |
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| Caused by growing city populations and improper sewage disposal, these were major problems in the late 1880s |
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| An Informal political group designed to gain and keep power |
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| The people who ran political machines |
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| Getting money through dishonest or questionable means (fraud) |
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| A powerful party boss, this man defended "honest graft" such as politicians buying land to sell for city development |
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| New York City Democratic political machine |
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| A corrupt party boss during the 1860's and 1870's. |
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| The era in American history between 1870 and 1900 - named after a Mark Twain and Charles Warner novel |
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| Covered with gold on the outside but made of cheaper material inside - used as a metaphor for the corruption under shiny new advances |
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| The belief that now matter how humble their origins, a person could rise in society and go as far as their talents and commitment would take them |
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| "Survival of the Fittest" applied to human society - believed in laissez-faire and was supported by many industrial leaders |
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| Theory published by Charles Darwin in 1859 that states animal and plant life evolved over many years in a process called natural selection in which species that cannot adapt will die. |
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| Ideas promoted by Andrew Carnegie that wealthy Americans should use their money to benefit society by giving less fortunate the means to help themselves through health and education - such investing in libraries or hospitals. |
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| Giving money to support humanitarian or social goals. |
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| An art and literature movement that focused on portraying the world realistically. |
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| This man wrote "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn", which is considered the true American novel. Its use of dialect described the real way people spoke in the setting. |
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| A place for social gathering in cities. They offered drinks, free toilets, and free newspapers for customers. |
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| Places such as New York's Coney Island that provided slides and rides for entertainment. |
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| The first professional baseball team, formed in 1869. |
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| This man invented basketball in 1891. |
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| Popular in the 1880s, these shows included animal acts, acrobats, and dancers. |
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| Form of music that grew out of saloons and honky-tonks and used patterns from African American music. |
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| Government jobs handed out following an election - usually given to friends or supporters. Used as patronage. |
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| People who supported patronage. (Patronage: The power to reward supporters with government jobs.) |
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| People who opposed patronage. (Patronage: The power to reward supporters with government jobs.) |
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| Law that required some political jobs to be filled by written exams rather than through patronage. |
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| A system where government jobs are based on qualifications rather than political affiliation. |
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| Republicans who supported Grover Cleveland (a Democrat) for president. From the word meaning "great chief". |
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| The Democratic president who won the election in 1884. "An honest Democrat." |
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| Created the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887. It limited railroad rates to what was "reasonable and just." |
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| This bill cut taxes on tabacco and raw sugar, but increased taxes on other goods. |
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| This bill was supposed to prohibit trusts, but it had little impact. |
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| Published "Dynamic Sociology" and argued that humans were different from animals because they could make plans to affect their futures - this lead to the Reform Darwinism idea. |
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| The belief that competition is wasteful and time consuming and that cooperation is the key to success. Ideas developed from Lester Frank Ward. |
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| The idea that some people failed in life simply because they were caught up in circumstances they could not control. Writers of this idea were Stephen Crane, Jack London, and Theodore Dreiser. |
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| A movement working to better conditions in cities according to the biblical ideals of charity and justice. |
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| An organization that offered practical aid and religious counseling to the urban poor. |
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| The Young Men's Christian Association |
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| This organization helped the urban poor by organizing group activities and offering libraries, gymnasiums, and auditoriums. |
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| An offshoot of the Social Gospel movement - these were community centers where reformers resided and offered medical care, English classes, and recreational programs. |
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| This person worked with the Settlement House movement to open the Hull House in Chicago. |
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| Teaching immigrant children English and American history and culture. |
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| A movement to increase farmers' political power and to work for laws in their interest. |
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| Paper currency that could not be exchanged for gold or silver - issued during the Civil War. |
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| A decline in the value of money caused by and increase in the money supply without an increase of goods for sale. |
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| An increase in the value of money and a decrease in prices. |
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| Patrons of Husbandry / The Grange |
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| Founded by Oliver H. Kelley, this organization was built to help farmers though social and educational meetings. |
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| Marketing organizations that try to increase prices and lower costs for their members. |
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| Rules tat set maximum rates and prohibited railroads from charging more for short hauls than long ones. |
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| Formed after the Grange, this organization planned to launch large cooperatives called exchanges. |
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| A political party formed in 1890 in Kansas to push reforms for farmers. |
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| Government warehouses for farmers to store crops. |
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| A tax that charges those with higher earnings more heavily. |
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| The Democrat candidate for the 1896 election. He was a strong supporter of silver coinage. |
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| Republican candidate for the 1896 election. He focused on the urban workers and won the election. |
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| African Americans and former slaves who migrated from the South to Kansas to start new lives. |
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| Colored Farmers' National Alliance |
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| The African American counterpart to the Farmers' Alliance. |
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| A fee required to voted - set in place to deny voting rights to poor African Americans. |
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| These tests, required by Mississippi and other Southern states, required voters to pass a reading exam. Specifically designed to prevent African Americans from voting, the number of white voters dropped, too. |
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| Allows any man to vote if he had an ancestor who could vote in 1867. |
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| The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. |
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| Laws that enforced segregation and discrimination toward African Americans. |
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| Court case that coined the "separate but equal" facilities rule. This established the basis for discrimination in the South for over 50 years. |
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| Hangings without proper court proceedings. |
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| This person published a book denouncing mob violence in 1895. She fought for anti-lynching legislation. |
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| This person helped to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the National Association of Colored Women. |
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| Encouraged African Americans to concentrate on economic goals rather than political ones. He believed they should educate and prepare themselves before fighting for civil rights. |
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| Encouraged African Americans to vote and to fight for civil rights. |
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