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| founder of the 1st European settlement in Greenland; father of Leif Ericson |
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| son of Erik the Red; most likely the 1st European to reach North America, probably at Nova Scotia |
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| the name Leif Ericson gave to Nova Scotia when he landed |
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| known as the 1st man to circumnavigate the Earth |
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late medieval cultural movement in Europe; brought renewed interest in Classical learning and values to Italy and subsequently the rest of western and central Europe from the late 13th to the early 17th century
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credited with the creation of movable type printing -- the process that made it possible to publish many copies of a single work at one time
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| a trade with the East Indies for spices that were not present in Europe |
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the name given to the long process in which the Christians drove the Muslims (Moors) out of the Iberian
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| sailed west inorder to reach the East Indies; landed in North America instead |
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| was the first person known to have calculated the circumference of the Earth, using trigonometry and knowledge of the angle of elevation of the Sun at noon in Alexandria and Syene (now Aswan, Egypt) |
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| the island where Columbus landed when he reach North America |
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| France's 1st colony; an ill-fated colony near present-day Quebec City at the site of Stadacona, an Iroquoian village; became capital of "New France" |
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| the first permanent English settlement in North America; named in honor of the king of England |
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| led soldiers into Central Mexico and incountered the Aztecs; pretended to be the "White God"; defeated the Aztecs |
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| ninth Aztec Emperor, ruler at the beginning of the Spanish conquest of Mexico |
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| was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire, and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of the Republic of Peru |
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| was a Spanish explorer of the New World, one of four survivors of the Narváez expedition; remembered for his detailed accounts of the many tribes of Native Americans |
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| was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who, while leading the first European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States, was the first European documented to have crossed the Mississippi River |
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| refers to an epidemic resulting from the introduction of a disease into a place where it does not occur or spread naturally |
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| was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres (Old World and New World) |
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| was the area colonized by France in North America |
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| was a French explorer; explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico |
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| was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland (New York); it later became New York City |
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