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| favoring one side of an issue |
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| legally overturn, federal laws considered unconstitutional |
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| the amount of debt a nation’s government owes |
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| tax on imports or exports |
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| 2nd president of the US, Federalist; Vice President under Washington; one term president; opposed Jefferson |
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Thomas Jefferson
Party, #, info |
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| 3rd President, Demo-Rep; writer Declaration of Independence; VP Adams; |
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| First Secretary of the treasury under Washington; killed/duel with Burr, a political rival |
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protects people’s right to bear arms.
Protects the rights of states to maintain a militia; gives citizens right be armed and to defend themselves |
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| Assures that people will not to be deprived of “life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.” |
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“The enumeration in the Const., of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”
Provides that people’s rights are not restricted to those specified in the first eight Amendments. |
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| : “The powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people.” Powers not given to the national government, or prohibited to the states, belong to the states and the people. |
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| Washington’s Cabinet – _____ Branch |
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| Executive branch. President is chief executive |
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| Relations with other countries |
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| Responsible for money and economic issues |
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| defends the country, Head of military forces |
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| 1st Secretary of Treasury |
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Proclamation of Neutrality-
What president? _____ barred what 2 countries from doing what with ships? -2 precedents G.W. set leaving office |
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| President Washington. Britain and France from impressment of sailors. 1. Two term presidency 2. Avoid permanent alliances. |
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Strong state government
Rule by the people
Laissez-faire, no national bank
Thomas Jefferson |
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Strong national government
Rule by the wealthy
National Bank, National Taxes
Alexander Hamilton and John Adams |
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| (Aliens-immigrants living in the country who were not citizens) Allowed the president to imprison aliens, or send those he considered dangerous out of the country |
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| (Sedition- activities aimed at weakening established government.) Made it a crime to speak, write, or publish “false, scandalous, and malicious” criticisms of the government |
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| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions – tried to give states right to _____ |
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•Claimed that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the Constitution.
•Suggested the states might nullify, (legally overturn) federal laws considered to be unconstitutional.
•Affirmed principle of states’ rights, limiting the federal government to those powers assigned to it by the Constitution. |
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| What hurt Adams’ chances for re-election? |
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•He refused to rush to war; especially for his own political gain
•French agreed to treaty and stopped attacking American ships, which was in best interest of the US, but hurt Adams’ chance for re-election. |
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| policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation’s economy |
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| forcing people into service, navy |
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| inspired by ideas of French Revolution, slave led rebellion in Santo Domingo and declared the colony an independent republic |
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| Shoshone woman who acted as the guide for Lewis and Clark. |
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Just before leaving office, _____appointed who as Chief Justice?
_____ Who was C.J. for ______ the new president? |
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| Adams. John Marshall, Federalist. Thomas Jefferson Democratic Republican. |
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| HOw was election of 1800 decided? |
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| Electoral College voted but it was a tie; House of Representatives had to decide |
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Which amendment changed the process?
What election? |
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| Congress passed 12th amendment in 1803: required voters to cast separate ballots for Pres and VP. Started in election of 1804 |
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| This was passed after a deadlock between what 2 candidates? |
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| -Judicial review – Which Supreme Court case established this right for the S.C? |
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| Judicial review – Which Supreme Court case established this right for the S.C? |
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| Marbury v. Madison: 3 principles;1. Constitution is the supreme law of the land 2. All laws must agree with the constitution and in conflict, the constitution. wins. 3. Judicial branch had a duty to uphold constitiution and can cancel/nullify laws that are unconstitutional. |
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| Slave rebellion- Who? Where? Ruined whose plans for what? |
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| Toussaint L’ouverture. Santo Domingo (Haiti). Napoleon's dreams for a Western empire. |
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| Who had the LA Territory first? Secretly given to what country? Sold by which country? To which country as the Louisiana Purchase? |
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| Spain. France. France. Unites States under Jefferson. |
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| leaders of expedition across the Louisiana Territory |
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| Meriwether Lewis and William Clark |
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| Who killed whom in a duel? Why? |
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| Burr killed Hamilton in a duel. Burr lost the election for governor of NY and blamed Hamilton. |
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| Barbary Pirates? did what? where? |
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| Ships in the Mediterranean had to be on guard for pirates from Tripoli and the other Barbary Coast States of North Africa. They demanded tribute, (protection $) from European and US govts to let their ships pass safely |
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| impressment issues with what country? |
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| Embargo Act: Who was president? Define. What did it end up doing? |
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| Act targeted Britain, banned imports and exports to all foreign countries. Jefferson wanted to prevent Americans from using other countries as go-betweens in the forbidden trade. Wanted to hurt Britain but avoid war. Wiped out all American commerce with other nations; ineffective;Britain traded with South America. |
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| What did Tecumseh and other native peoples believe about the land? (settlers kept encroaching) |
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| Tecumseh believed that the settlers were moving onto lands that had been guaranteed to Native Americans by treaty. |
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Who tried to create a confederation of Native Am.s to go against Am. settlers?
Where? |
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| Tecumseh built a confederacy among Native American nations in the Northwest. Believed that a strong alliance with the British in Canada could halt white movement onto Native Americans land |
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| -War Hawks – party?_wanted to _____ expansion and development; NOT SURE. |
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| Federalists. Avenge Britsh actions against Americans. National. land. |
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| War Hawks believed what about a war? with whom? Who/Names? what war? pressured which president to go to war? |
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| They could avenge the British actions against Americans. Young Republicans, Henry Clay and John Calhoun. War of 1812. Madison. |
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| Who burnt buildings in what city? Name 2 main buildings |
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| British and Washington DC. Capitol and President’s Mansion (White House) |
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| -Francis Scott Key – What song? Written while watching what battle? Where? (9-4) |
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| “Star Spangled Banner” Written at Fort Mc Henry in Baltimore during the War of 1812 |
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| What did winning the Battle of New Orleans mean for Andrew Jackson? Before or after the Treaty of Ghent? |
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| It made him a hero; his fame helped him win the presidency in 1828. After the Treaty of Ghent |
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| gives an inventor the sole legal right to the invention and the profits for a certain period of time. |
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| separate compartments where water levels were raised or lowered; provide a way to raise and lower boats at places where canal levels changed. |
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| a road made of logs across muddy or swampy ground |
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| define Industrial Revolution; started where first? when? |
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| the shift from home or farm work to work in mills to earn wages was called the Industrial Revolution. Great Britain. Mid 1700’s. |
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| Ind. Rev. in U.S. started where? why (3-4 reasons) |
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New England. in the 1800’s because:
•Soil was poor and farming was difficult in New England
•New England had many rivers and streams to provide waterpower to run machinery in factories
•Geographic location advantage: close to other resources, including coal, iron from Pennsylvania
•New England had many ports so materials could be shipped easily |
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| What helped increase the populations of northeastern cities (name 2)? |
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•Growth of factories brought the population to towns that were near the water: NYC, Boston, Baltimore
•Farmers in the west shipped their products by water to the towns |
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| brought manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency |
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| brought manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency |
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| Effect of steamboats - used _____engine that began in 1780s |
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•Steamboats could transport cargo and passengers
•Cut time of travel from days to hours
•Cut cost of shipping goods
•Allowed boats to travel the rivers in both directions
STEAM engine |
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| 3 reasons the Erie Canal was so important to the U.S. |
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•Lowered the cost of shipping goods
•Brought prosperity to towns along their routes
•United a growing country |
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