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US History 1 pt2
US History CLEP
120
History
Undergraduate 1
03/28/2011
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Term
Which of the following is not a reason why Europeans had developed an interest in exploring and colonizing new lands?
 Definition
Europeans were looking for new markets for the slave trade
Term
Cortés was aided in his conquest of the Aztec empire by
 Definition
help from Aztec tribute states that wanted to rid themselves of Aztec rule
Term
A major difference between Massachusetts Bay and the Virginia Colony was that
 Definition
early colonists in Massachusetts Bay were freemen and families and in Virginia they were single men and indentured servants
Term
"Be it therefore . . . enacted . . . that no person or persons whatsoever within this province . . . thereunto [believing] in Jesus Christ shall henceforth be any ways troubled, molested, or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof within this province. . . ."
This quotation is most probably from a law passed in which colony?
 Definition
Maryland
Term
Which of the following is an accurate statement about slavery in the American colonies
 Definition
The first Africans taken to the southern colonies were indentured servants
Term
The rights of women changed
 Definition
when women married
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the economic life of New England in the late 1600s
 Definition
The majority of New England farmers raised cash crops
Term
Which of the following is an accurate list of the economic activity of the southern colonies in the mid-1700s
 Definition
tobacco, rice, and indigo agriculture
Term
Which of the following was a well-known preacher of the First Great Awakening
 Definition
George Whitefield
Term
Which of the following colonies was least likely to allow plays to be staged
 Definition
Massachusetts
Term
All of the following statements about the population of the North American colonies by 1776 are true EXCEPT
 Definition
Most of the new European colonists came from the upper and middle classes
Term
Under the theory of mercantilism, North American colonies existed
 Definition
increase the home country's wealth.
Term
The underlying disagreement between Parliament and the American colonists revolved around
 Definition
virtual versus direct representation
Term
A colonial scientist whose work was well known in Europe was
 Definition
Benjamin Franklin
Term
Educated colonists were familiar with
 Definition
deism
Term
Paintings that were created by untrained and itinerant artists in the colonial and early national periods are known as
 Definition
folk art
Term
By 1776, the people of English descent made up about what percentage of colonists
 Definition
slightly less than 50 percent
Term
All of the following are true about the effect of the fur trade on Native Americans in the colonial period EXCEPT
 Definition
Native Americans converted in large numbers to Christianity
Term
In the 1700s, socioeconomic class probably meant the least to
 Definition
Scot Irish farmer in backcountry North Carolina
Term
Which of the following is an accurate characterization of American colonists by the mid-1700s
 Definition
Colonists came to believe that through hard work and ambition, anything was possible
Term
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the population explosion in the colonies in the 1700s
 Definition
upward social mobility
Term
One of the casualties of the French and Indian War was
 Definition
Americans' sense of the superiority of the British military
Term
The Stamp Act added fuel to the argument of "no taxation without representation" because
 Definition
it was the first tax on goods made and sold within the colonies themselves
Term
At the same time the Stamp Act was repealed, Parliament passed the
 Definition
Declaratory Act
Term
The colonists protested the Tea Act for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
 Definition
by using the revenue to pay royal governors, the act robbed the colonists of a weapon against the governors
Term
All of the following were provisions of the Intolerable Acts EXCEPT
 Definition
all taxes had to be paid in gold or silver coin rather than currency
Term
The First Continental Congress
 Definition
tried to find a way to heal the differences with Great Britain
Term
Whose idea were the committees of correspondence
 Definition
Samuel Adams
Term
During the war, one of George Washington's biggest problems was
 Definition
lack of adequate funding for the army by Congress
Term
In writing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson drew on the social contract theory of which Enlightenment thinker
 Definition
John Locke
Term
Native Americans sided with the British in the American Revolution, because
 Definition
they feared that if the Americans won, they would push farther into Native American land
Term
In addition to France, which of the following nations aided the Americans in the Revolutionary War?
 Definition
Spain
Term
In writing their new state constitutions, states
 Definition
limited the power of the state government
Term
All of the following were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation EXCEPT
 Definition
lack of authority to deal with Native American nations
Term
"Your President may easily become king. Your Senate is so imperfectly constructed that your dearest rights may be sacrificed by what may be a small minority. . . ."
This quotation is most likely from a speech by
 Definition
Patrick Henry
Term
Under the system devised by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention, all of the following are true EXCEPT
 Definition
the term separation of powers describes the division of powers between the federal government and the states
Term
Which of the following was NOT one of Alexander Hamilton's proposals to establish a sound financial footing for the United States
 Definition
funding for a system of roads and canals
Term
As opposed to Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton considered the role of the federal government was to
 Definition
encourage economic activity
Term
The policy of the United States government toward Native Americans in the early republican period was to
 Definition
negotiate for Native American land
Term
In the war between France and other European nations in the 1790s, Federalists
 Definition
claimed the United States had no obligation to aid France because the alliance of 1778 had been with the French monarchy
Term
Jay's Treaty was reviled by Democratic-Republicans because it
 Definition
was not demanding enough in asserting United States rights against Great Britain
Term
″Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute″ would have been an appropriate slogan for Americans during which of the events listed?
 Definition
XYZ Affair
Term
The underlying purpose for passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to
 Definition
weaken the Democratic-Republican Party
Term
The election of 1800 is significant because
 Definition
the political party in power changed without violence
Term
Which of the following was a reason for France's offer to sell all of Louisiana to the United States
 Definition
The successful slave uprising in Haiti undercut Napoleon's plan for an empire in the Americas
Term
The central issue in McCulloch v. Maryland was
 Definition
the extent of Congressional authority
Term
Jefferson's worst foreign policy blunder was
 Definition
the Embargo Act of 1807
Term
Which of the following fought with the British in the War of 1812 as a result of the Battle of Tippecanoe
 Definition
Tecumseh
Term
The major reason that the Federalists collapsed as a political party was because
 Definition
the Democratic-Republicans adopted the Federalists' economic program
Term
All of the following revolved around the issue of states' rights EXCEPT
 Definition
Suffolk Resolves
Term
Which of the following ensured the future of slavery in the South
 Definition
invention of the cotton gin
Term
"Any man's son may become the equal of any other man's son" describes what characteristic of American society
 Definition
social mobility
Term
All of the following changed the nature of hand work in the nineteenth century EXCEPT
 Definition
apprentice system
Term
Jefferson's Democratic-Republicans and Jackson's Democrats held which of the following beliefs in common
 Definition
freedom from government interference
Term
The Compromise of 1820 was a failure because
 Definition
it failed to settle the question of slavery once and for all
Term
Which of the following was not a feature of urban life in the antebellum North
 Definition
sewers and garbage collection
Term
The election of 1828 was significant because
 Definition
power shifted from the Eastern seaboard to the western states
Term
All of the following were changes that resulted from the era of Jacksonian democracy EXCEPT
 Definition
partisanship became less important as the vote spread to more men
Term
Which of the following is NOT a problem that workers faced in organizing early labor unions
 Definition
Political parties ignored workers' demands and sided with business
Term
The Trail of Tears demonstrated the
 Definition
uselessness of assimilation if Native Americans stood in the way of white Americans intent on gaining land
Term
The Boston Associates began the Lowell mills with the idea that
 Definition
factories could be run without the abuses of the English factory system
Term
The Panic of 1837 resulted from
 Definition
overspeculation in Western lands
Term
Maria Mitchell is noteworthy because
 Definition
of her contributions to astronomy
Term
Which of the following is an example of transcendentalist literature
 Definition
Walden
Term
The middle-class sentimental novel of the mid-1800s was chiefly concerned with
 Definition
social codes and social behavior
Term
A European literary and artistic tradition that greatly affected early and mid-nineteenth-century Americans artists and writers was
 Definition
romanticism
Term
Which of the following poets is considered the quintessential American "common man"?
 Definition
Walt Whitman
Term
The most popular architectural style in the early and mid-1800s was
 Definition
Gothic revival
Term
Which of the following crusaded for asylums for the mentally ill
 Definition
Dorothea Dix
Term
Which of the following institutions served the role of "the great equalizer" in American society
 Definition
public schools
Term
The mid-1800s saw a
 Definition
rise in the number of practical courses, such as science and engineering, taught in colleges
Term
"I heartily accept the motto, 'That government is best which governs least'; and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe: 'That government is best which governs not at all'; . . . The objections that have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, . . . may also at last be brought against a standing government."
This quotation was most probably written by.
 Definition
Henry David Thoreau
Term
Which of the following was a well-known group of landscape painters in the first half of the nineteenth century
 Definition
Hudson River School
Term
The social reform movements of the 1800s relied heavily on
 Definition
the work and talents of women
Term
Utopian communities in general were based on
 Definition
the ideal of cooperation and communal ownership of property
Term
An unintended outcome of the Second Great Awakening was
 Definition
increasing interest in social reform
Term
The British invented industrialization
 Definition
and Americans built on British ideas and took them to a higher level of efficiency
Term
All of the following were tensions within the abolition movement EXCEPT
 Definition
colonization versus compensation for slaveholders
Term
American settlers moved to Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, because
 Definition
land was plentiful and cheap for raising cotton
Term
"Manifest destiny" was used by Americans in the mid-1800s to justify
 Definition
expansion of the nation across the continent
Term
The slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" referred to American claims to which of the following
 Definition
Oregon
Term
Which of the following had to pay a tax to mine for gold in California
 Definition
Chinese immigrant
Term
"Slave power" referred to the
 Definition
power wealthy Southerners wielded over the economy and politics in the South
Term
Most white Southerners owned
 Definition
no slaves
Term
Between 1800 and 1860, the majority of American workers
 Definition
remained in agriculture
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the role of middle-class women in the first half of the 1800s
 Definition
Mothers forfeited to the new public schools their roles as moral guides for their children
Term
Which of the following restrictions on women made it difficult for them to fight for reforms in the mid-1800s
 Definition
Society frowned on respectable women speaking in public
Term
Which of the following was a new job that opened to single women in the first half of the 1800s
 Definition
schoolteacher
Term
All of the following were important issues for workers in the mid-nineteenth century EXCEPT
 Definition
low tariff
Term
Which of the following statements is true about immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s
 Definition
Most Irish immigrants had been farmers, whereas most German immigrants were skilled workers
Term
If you were listening to Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, you were most likely at a
 Definition
women's rights meeting
Term
Which of the following became independent as the "Bear Flag Republic
 Definition
California
Term
The significance of the Free Soil Party in the election of 1848 was that it
 Definition
splintered the two-party political system
Term
The chief obstacle emigrants met on the overland trails to the Far West was
 Definition
natural features of the land
Term
Which of the following was LEAST likely to become a member of the American Party in 1854
 Definition
upper-middle-class store owner
Term
The decision in Scott v. Sandford did all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
declare that states did not have the right to ban slavery
Term
Southern slaves were able to build communities that provided all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
access to education
Term
The struggle between proslavery and antislavery forces to have Kansas admitted to the Union in the late 1850s resulted in
 Definition
an open split between Northern and Southern Democrats
Term
While members of Congress debated slavery, the United States was also pursuing the
 Definition
opening of trade relations with Japan
Term
All of the following worked to end slavery in one way or another EXCEPT
 Definition
Stephen A Douglas
Term
Many Northern workers began to support abolition because
 Definition
as "wage slaves," they saw themselves in a similar situation
Term
All of the following were steps on the way to the Civil War EXCEPT
 Definition
American System
Term
In the presidential election of 1860, which of the following is NOT true
 Definition
Stephen Douglas won the highest popular vote, but received fewer electoral votes than Lincoln
Term
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the advantages and disadvantages of the North and South at the beginning of the Civil War
 Definition
The South had to establish a functioning central government to oversee the war and the governance of the states, whereas the North had an existing federal government
Term
Which of the following went against social convention by setting up a nursing staff of women to care for the wounded during the Civil War
 Definition
Clara Barton
Term
Which of the following created a crisis between the United States and Great Britain at the beginning of the Civil War
 Definition
Trent Affair
Term
Copperheads were
 Definition
Northern Democrats who wanted Lincoln to negotiate peace with the South
Term
The border states remaining in the Union
 Definition
undercut the assertion of the other Southern states that to keep their slaves, they had to secede
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Emancipation Proclamation
 Definition
In reality it freed no slaves
Term
The South expected aid from Great Britain because
 Definition
the South supplied almost all the raw cotton used by British textile mills
Term
All of the following were border states EXCEPT
 Definition
West Virginia
Term
"That any person drafted and notified to appear . . . may, on or before the day fixed for his appearance, furnish an acceptable substitute to take his place in the draft; or he may pay . . . such sum, not exceeding three hundred dollars . . . for the [procurement] of such substitute. . ."
This law resulted in
 Definition
draft riots in New York City
Term
Which of the following was not passed by Congress while the Civil War was being fought
 Definition
Wade-Davis Bill
Term
The flaw in Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan was
 Definition
that the same men who ran Southern governments before the war would be returned to power
Term
The purpose of the Tenure of Office Act passed by Radical Republicans was to limit the
 Definition
power of President Andrew Johnson
Term
All of the following were included in the Radical Republicans' plan for Reconstruction EXCEPT
 Definition
funding the rebuilding of the Southern infrastructure
Term
The black codes, which were passed immediately after the Civil War, were meant to
 Definition
limit freedom of movement and employment by African Americans
Term
All of the following are true about Reconstruction EXCEPT
 Definition
land was confiscated and redistributed to freedmen
Term
All of the following are major changes that occurred among African Americans after the Civil War EXCEPT
 Definition
former slaves began to attend white churches and abandoned their own churches
Term
One group outside the South that was interested in seeing an end to Reconstruction was
 Definition
Northern businessmen
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