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US History 1
US History 1 CLEP
120
History
Undergraduate 1
03/28/2011
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Term
In general, Native American groups prior to contact with Europeans
 Definition
had adapted to a variety of geographic and climate conditions
Term
Which of the following was NOT a factor in the success of the Spanish in conquering Native American peoples?
 Definition
the importation of Africans
Term
All of the following were reasons the English were interested in colonization EXCEPT
 Definition
English landlords wanted to import their enclosure movement to the Americas to make money
Term
Which of the following was NOT a direct result of the dumping of precious metals from the Americas into European markets
 Definition
introduction of joint-stock companies
Term
Which of the following is a true statement about Puritanism?
 Definition
Puritanism was based on a set of religious, political, and social values.
Term
The first published poet in the North American colonies was
 Definition
Anne Bradstreet
Term
William Penn called his colony a "Holy Experiment" because he
 Definition
wanted to establish a self-governing colony with political and religious freedom
Term
The Bodies of Liberty, the first set of laws in the English colonies, was passed by the
 Definition
Massachusetts General Court
Term
Tobacco was the most important export commodity in the late seventeenth century for which of the following
 Definition
Virginia and Maryland
Term
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about life in the English colonies?
 Definition
The colonies had no colleges, so young men had to go to England for higher education.
Term
Which of the following was fought between colonists and Native Americans?
 Definition
King Philip's War
Term
A major difference in government structure between royal colonies and charter colonies was
 Definition
the colonists elected their own governor in charter colonies, whereas the monarch appointed the governor in a royal colony
Term
The development of enslaved Africans as the chief labor supply after Bacon's Rebellion occurred because of
 Definition
the growing number of white landless and discontented former servants
Term
The first colony in the 1600s to require that each town establish a public primary school was
 Definition
Massachusetts
Term
While the English were the largest group of people to immigrate to the colonies, the second largest group were
 Definition
Scots Irish
Term
A significant characteristic of the social class structure in the English colonies was
 Definition
the size and wealth of the middle class
Term
The child depicted in this painting reflects what idea of Puritans?
 Definition
Children were considered small adults.
Term
"The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time, and some of us had been permitted to stay on deck for the fresh air . . . "
 Definition
a slave ship bound for the Americas
Term
The religious group that had the greatest influence in New England after the initial phase of settlement was
 Definition
Congregational Church
Term
Over time, which of the following rights were married women in the colonies able to exercise?
 Definition
conduct business
Term
The Great Awakening spurred all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
the banning of Anglicanism
Term
A major difference between slavery in Virginia and in the Carolinas and Georgia was that
 Definition
most slaves in Virginia had been born in the colony rather than imported
Term
Which of the following was a major advantage for the British in North America during the French and Indian War?
 Definition
The British colonies were populated with families willing to fight for their homes
Term
The British government did not enforce the Proclamation of 1763 because
 Definition
it was to the benefit of the British empire to have the colonists move West
Term
British policy toward its colonies in the 1600s and 1700s was based on the principle of
 Definition
mercantilism
Term
The "power of the purse," colonial legislatures' ability to influence the actions of royal officials in the colonies, was eliminated by the
 Definition
Townshend Acts
Term
All of the following are examples of the influence of Enlightenment thinking EXCEPT
 Definition
predestination
Term
"Of more worth is one honest man to society, and in the sight of God than all the crowned ruffians that ever lived."
 Definition
Thomas Paine
Term
The battle of Saratoga in 1777 was important because it
 Definition
brought France into a formal alliance with the United States
Term
The Peace of Paris called for all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
Florida was given to the United States
Term
The major difficulty of government under the Articles of Confederation was
 Definition
lack of a chief executive
Term
Which of the following provided the plan for all subsequent admission of territories to statehood in the United States?
 Definition
Northwest Ordinance
Term
The Great Compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention resulted in
 Definition
the establishment of a legislature of two houses, a House of Representatives based on population and a Senate with equal representation among the states
Term
The major shortcoming of the new Constitution according to Anti-Federalists was
 Definition
lack of protection for individuals
Term
Which of the following is the correct listing of the freedoms included in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
 Definition
freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, right to assemble
Term
The authority of Congress to approve presidential nominees to the federal judiciary is an example of
 Definition
checks and balances
Term
The reason underlying Alexander Hamilton's proposal that the United States government redeem all bonds at face value and pay all state debts was
 Definition
to convince wealthy Americans that the United States was a safe investment
Term
Which of the following was the first test of the unity of the United States under its new Constitution?
 Definition
Whiskey Rebellion
Term
Which of the following helped to lay out Washington, DC, and was a mathematician and astronomer?
 Definition
Benjamin Banneker
Term
The Federalists party of the 1790s found its support among
 Definition
Northern merchants, New England farmers, and skilled workers
Term
"'Tis our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances, with any portion of the foreign world."
 Definition
George Washington
Term
The Treaty of Greenville is significant because
 Definition
Native Americans in the Old Northwest ceded most of their lands to the United States
Term
The Sedition Act was used primarily against
 Definition
Republican printers and editors
Term
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions are significant because
 Definition
they were the first articulation of the doctrine of nullification
Term
The Supreme Court decision that established the principle of judicial review of acts of Congress was
 Definition
Marbury v. Madison
Term
All of the following were results of the Louisiana Purchase EXCEPT
 Definition
it provided a Northwest Passage to the Pacific Ocean
Term
The purpose of the Embargo Act of 1807 was to
 Definition
preserve the neutrality of the United States
Term
Which of the following groups lost significant influence as a result of the War of 1812?
 Definition
Federalists
Term
The War of 1812 was significant because
 Definition
the new United States fought Great Britain to a standoff
Term
Between 1780 and 1830, the population of the United States grew from 2.7 million to 12 million chiefly as a result of
 Definition
natural increase
Term
The Monroe Doctrine was a bold statement by the United States because
 Definition
the nation did not have the power to back it up
Term
Henry Clay's plan to finance a national bank, levy a protective tariff, and use federal funds to finance internal improvements is known as
 Definition
American System
Term
The Missouri Compromise was important because
 Definition
it established a boundary line for the expansion of slavery
Term
The Democratic Party of Andrew Jackson attracted
 Definition
Southerners, Westerners, and Northern urban workers
Term
The election of 1824 resulted
 Definition
in the House of Representatives' deciding the election
Term
The subject of the following cartoon is
 Definition
Jackson's use of the spoils system to reward supporters
Term
Which of the following transformed the economy of the Southern states?
 Definition
the invention of the cotton gin
Term
Jackson's Specie Circular resulted in
 Definition
an economic depression
Term
"John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it."
 Definition
Andrew Jackson
Term
The transportation revolution had all of the following effects EXCEPT
 Definition
the South was more closely tied to the Midwest
Term
All of the following resulted from the Second Great Awakening EXCEPT
 Definition
the rapid decline in the Methodist and Baptist churches
Term
The putting-out system was made possible only because of the adoption of
 Definition
division of labor
Term
One of the biggest societal changes of the early 1800s was
 Definition
the new concept of domesticity governing women's roles as wife and mother
Term
Early union efforts were aimed at organizing
 Definition
skilled, white male workers
Term
An author whose works helped to establish a national identity for American literature was
 Definition
James Fenimore Cooper
Term
Transcendentalists were interested in using their literary output
 Definition
to reform American life
Term
By the 1830s, the greatest growth in printed material occurred in
 Definition
Newspapers
Term
Which of the following artists painted romanticized versions of life on the western frontier?
 Definition
George Caleb Bingham
Term
The campaign for local option laws was one aspect of which of the following movements?
 Definition
temperance
Term
Which of the following characteristics of European American society was not adopted by the Cherokee nation?
 Definition
individual's right to sell land to European Americans
Term
All of the following are associated with the abolition movement EXCEPT
 Definition
George Washington Carver
Term
All of the following were associated with the Underground Railroad EXCEPT
 Definition
the Deep South
Term
All of the following split the abolitionist movement EXCEPT
 Definition
Southern abolitionists versus Northern abolitionists
Term
Texas gained its independence as a result of
 Definition
the battle of San Jacinto
Term
Members of the Whig Party were most likely to disagree among themselves over the issue of
 Definition
extension of slavery into the territories
Term
The first example of the factory system in the United States was the work of
 Definition
Francis Cabot Lowell
Term
The first well-known woman scientist in the United States was
 Definition
Maria Mitchell
Term
Middle-class Americans at mid-century viewed public education
 Definition
as a stabilizing force in a world of rapid change
Term
Most fiction and nonfiction writers in the first part of the mid-nineteenth century
 Definition
were social critics
Term
Which of the following is an allegory of good and evil?
 Definition
Moby Dick
Term
This political cartoon
 Definition
is an example of the mudslinging that went on in the election of 1840
Term
Labor had limited success in organizing in the 1840s and 1850s primarily because of
 Definition
the increasing ethnic diversity of the workforce as immigration increased
Term
Americans who settled in Texas under Mexican rule plotted rebellion when Mexico tried
 Definition
to enforce its ban on slavery
Term
The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 took up the issue of
 Definition
women's rights
Term
Folk artists tended to use which of the following as themes for their works?
 Definition
portraits and scenes of family life
Term
"East by sunrise, West by sunset, North by the Arctic Expedition, and South as far as we darn well please."
 Definition
manifest destiny
Term
Those most likely to move into the class of Southern elite were
 Definition
middle-class professionals
Term
Which of the following was NOT a utopian community?
 Definition
Deseret
Term
Oberlin College is credited with being
 Definition
the first coeducational college
Term
All of the following underlay anti-immigrant feelings in the 1800s EXCEPT
 Definition
immigrants would hold back progress
Term
Which of the following is an accurate description of the growth of cities by the mid-1800s?
 Definition
Cities were becoming separated into neighborhoods based on socioeconomic levels.
Term
The Whig Party was replaced as a major party in the two-party system by the
 Definition
Republican Party
Term
The majority of pioneers in Oregon and the Puritans in Massachusetts had which of the following motivations in common?
 Definition
better themselves financially
Term
Which of the following was meant to stop Congress from considering anti-slavery petitions?
 Definition
gag rule
Term
Most white Southern families
 Definition
lived at subsistence level
Term
All of the following were reasons that Southerners gave to justify slavery EXCEPT
 Definition
the lack of a transportation network in the South meant there was no motivation to become industrialized
Term
Which of the following was NOT true about life in the North for free African Americans?
 Definition
Although African Americans lived in segregated areas, their children did not attend segregated schools.
Term
"Can people of a Territory in any lawful way, against the wishes of any citizen of the United States, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution? I answer emphatically, . . . that in my opinion the people of a Territory can by lawful means, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution."
 Definition
popular sovereignty
Term
All of the following increased tensions between North and South over slavery EXCEPT
 Definition
the rise of the Know-Nothing Party
Term
The Ostend Manifesto
 Definition
threatened a U.S.-supported revolution in Cuba if Spain would not sell the island to the United States
Term
The Wilmot Proviso was controversial because it proposed
 Definition
a ban on slavery in any state created out of land bought from Mexico
Term
Most goldhunters in the California gold rush of 1849
 Definition
expected to find gold and return home
Term
Of the various provisions of the Compromise of 1850, which one helped to turn many Northerners into abolitionists?
 Definition
the Fugitive Slave Law
Term
The Republican platform of 1860
 Definition
supported John Brown's raid
Term
The Civil War was most likely a result of
 Definition
opposing and intractable differences between North and South
Term
Which of the following explains why Lincoln did not initially make emancipation a goal of the Civil War?
 Definition
He was concerned that the border states would join the Confederacy
Term
All of the following were disadvantages of the Confederacy EXCEPT
 Definition
they had to fight a defensive war
Term
The major goal of the Confederacy's foreign policy was to
 Definition
gain recognition as an independent nation from foreign governments
Term
The main goal of Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction was to
 Definition
restore the Union as quickly as possible
Term
All of the following were part of Johnson's Reconstruction plan EXCEPT
 Definition
Confederate debts would be repaid
Term
After the Civil War, women were told to put aside their demand for voting rights and to work instead for
 Definition
voting rights for African American men
Term
Andrew Johnson based his veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 on which of the following?
 Definition
It was unconstitutional because it violated states' rights
Term
The most important goal for freed slaves was
 Definition
to acquire land, a house, and a means of making a living
Term
Which of the following was part of the Radical Republicans' plan for Reconstruction?
 Definition
The new state constitutions were to guarantee voting rights for African American males
Term
"Seward's Folly" refers to
 Definition
the purchase of Alaska from Russia
Term
Redeemers were so-called because they
 Definition
were white Southern politicians who restored white supremacy in the South
Term
Reconstruction ended in 1877 because
 Definition
a deal was reached to name Hayes the winner of the presidential election of 1876 in exchange for an end to Reconstruction
Term
Which of the following replaced the plantation system of agriculture in the South?
 Definition
sharecropping
Term
White Southerners benefited from all of the following after the Civil War EXCEPT
 Definition
lower taxes
Term
What did Presidents George Washington, Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, and Ulysses S. Grant have in common?
 Definition
All were war heroes
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