Term
| The radiographic investigation of the renal drainage system is accomplished by various procedures classified under the general term of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 2 terms refer to the excretory urogram examination? |
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Definition
Intravenous Urography
Intravenous Pyelography |
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Term
| 4 terms that identify the typical contrast media currently used in excretory urography. |
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Definition
| Ionic, Nonionic, Iodinated, Injectable |
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Term
| Mild adverse reactions to iodinated contrast medium administration: |
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Definition
| Hives, Nausea, Vomiting, warm feeling, flushed appearance, and edema of the respiratory mucous membranes. |
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Term
| How soon after the injection of a contrast medium are symptoms of a reaction most likely to occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Four typical procedures that a patient might ideally experience when preparing for the IVU examination? |
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Definition
| Laxative, Light evening meal, Low-residue diet for 1 to 2 days, NPO after midnight on the day of the examination. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of giving a child 12 oz of carbonated beverage just before the start of IVU? |
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Definition
| To distend the stomach with gas, thus providing a negative background density that better demonstrates renal structures. |
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Term
| Why should an immobilization band not be applied across the patient's upper abdomen in an effort to control motion during IVU? |
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Definition
| Inappropriate abdominal pressure might retard the excretion of fluid from the kidneys and might cause distortion of ureteral structures. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of applying compression over the distal ends of the ureters? |
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Definition
| To retard the flow of opacified urine into the bladder, allowing renal structures to be better filled and demonstrated. |
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Term
| Where on the abdomen should compression pads be located to compress the ureters? |
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Definition
| The anterior surface of the lower abdomen, about 2" above the symphysis pubis. |
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Term
| When ureteral compression is used, why should the pressure be slowly released when the compression device is no longer needed? |
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Definition
| Rapid releasing of the ureteral compression device might rupture some of the viscera within the pelvis. |
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Term
| Why is ureteral compression currently not often used in excretory urography? |
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Definition
| Increased doses of contrast agents and the use of contrast media of higher concentrations produce better demonstration of the ureters. |
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Term
| Why might an upright anteroposterior AP projection of the abdomen be made before the injection of the contrast medium? |
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Definition
| To demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys |
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Term
| what identification data should be included on every postinjection radiograph? |
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Definition
| patient data, side marker, time-interval, and position indicator |
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Term
| why is it desirable to have the patient remove his or her underwear? |
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Definition
| Elastic waistbands in the underwear can produce unwanted density in the image because of soft-tissue skin folds. |
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Term
| Why should the patient be instructed to empty their bladder just before IVU is to begin? |
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Definition
| To prevent dilution of the opacified urine. |
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Term
| 5 reasons that AP projections with the patient recumbent are performed as the scout radiograph? |
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Definition
1. to identify the location of kidneys
2. To demonstrate the presence of calculi
3.to demonstrate the contour of the kidneys
4. to check the radiographic exposure factors
5. to determine how well the patient's gastrointestinal GI tract was cleaned. |
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Term
| What can be done to enhance the filling of renal structures with contrast medium when patient is supine? |
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Definition
| Tilt the x-ray table and patient to the Trendelenburg position. |
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Term
| Approximately how long after bolus injection of the contrast medium should the exposure be made to best demonstrate a nephrogram? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long after the completion of the contrast medium injection does the contrast agent usually begin to appear in the renal pelvis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long after the injection of the contrast medium does the greatest concentration usually appear within the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| A postvoiding radiograph is usually the last radiograph taken to demonstrate which structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| The AP projection may be obtained with the patient either supine or upright? |
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Definition
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Term
| Preliminary scout radiographs are most often obtained with the patient upright. |
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Definition
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Term
| Post injection radiographs are most often obtained with the patient standing. T or F? |
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Definition
| False, postinjection radiographs are most often obtained with the patient supine. |
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Term
| What is the most likely purpose for obtaining an AP projection radiograph with the patient standing? |
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Definition
| To demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys. |
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Term
| What adjustment in the supine patient's position can be made to help demonstrate the distal ends of the ureters? |
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Definition
| Tilt the table and patient 15 to 20 degrees Trendelenburg |
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Term
| What should be done to reduce the lordotic curvature when performing the AP projection with the patient recumbent? |
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Definition
| Place supports under the patient's knees |
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Term
| Which procedure should be performed if the bladder isnot seen in the AP projection to demonstrate the entire urinary system? |
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Definition
| Make a separate AP projection radiograph of the bladder |
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Term
| Why is it desirable to include the area below the pubic symphysis for older male patients? |
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Definition
| To demonstrate the prostate region |
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Term
| If a device is used for ureteral compression, to which level of the patient should it be centered? |
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Definition
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Term
| Into which position should the patient be placed when beginning to position for either type of AP oblique projection? |
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Definition
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Term
| When performing the AP oblique projection (Right posterior oblique [RPO] position), which kidney will be parallel with the plane of the IR? |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately how many degrees should the patient be rotated from the supine position to an oblique position to demonstrate renal and urinary structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure should be centered to the grid for the AP oblique projection (LPO) position? |
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Definition
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Term
| To which level of the patient should the image receptor IR be centered? Obliques |
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Definition
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Term
| Where should CR enter patient on obliques? |
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Definition
| 2" lateral to the midline on the elevated side |
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Term
| For the lateral projection, which plane of the body should be centered to the grid? |
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Definition
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Term
| How should patient's arms and hands be placed for lateral? |
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Definition
| arms extended infront of the patient, elbows flexed, and hands placed under the head. |
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Term
| which areas of the patient should be examined to ensure that the patient is not rotated? |
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Definition
| Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae |
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Term
| Lateral exposures should be made at the end of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Exposure factors should produce a ________ scale of contrast.(Lateral) |
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Definition
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Term
| The dorsal decubitus position requires that the patient be: |
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Definition
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Term
| Dorsal Decubitus: The long axis of the IR should be centered to the ________ plane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dorsal Decubitus: which area of the patient should be closest to the grid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral Dorsal Decubitus: To which level of the patient should the IR be centered? |
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Definition
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Term
| Only male patients should have gonadal shielding for this type of projection: Lateral Dorsal Decubitus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The exposure should be made at the end of inspiration. |
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Definition
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Term
| The central ray should be directed horizontally and perpindicular to the center of the image receptor. |
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Definition
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