Term
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Definition
| The removal of organic waste products from body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| The discharge of waste products into the environment |
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Term
| Homeostatic regulation of blood plasma |
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Definition
Regulating blood volume and pressure
Regulating plasma ion concentrations
Stabilizing blood pH
Conserving nutrients
Detoxification of poisons |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce urine via nephrons |
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Term
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Definition
| Transport urine from kidneys to bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary Stores urine (700-800 cc) |
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Term
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Definition
| Transports urine out of body |
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Term
| Reproductive and urinary structure in males |
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Definition
| Transports semen and urine) |
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Term
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Definition
Remove metabolic wastes from blood by filtration
Wastes eliminated as aqueous solution called urine
Regulate blood volume and blood pressure
Secrete hormone renin
Stimulate RBC production from RBM
Secrete erythropoietin (EPO)
Metabolize vitamin D
Convert it to active form (calcitriol) |
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Term
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Definition
Between T12 and L3
Somewhat protected by lower part of rib cage |
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Term
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Definition
| indentation on medial surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Both kidneys and adrenal glands |
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Term
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Definition
Entry for renal artery and renal nerves
Exit for renal veins and ureter |
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Term
| Renal Capsule/ Adipose Capsule |
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Definition
| Kidneys held in place and protected by |
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Term
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Definition
| collagen fibers on kidney’s outer surface |
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Term
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Definition
thick layer of adipose tissue external to capsule
Cushions and attaches kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
dense fibrous connective tissue
Connected to renal capsule and surrounding structures |
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Term
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Definition
| Damage to fascia or adipose tissue can cause |
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Term
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Definition
Kidneys drop to lower position
May prevent urine from exiting through ureter |
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Term
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Definition
Reddish brown outer portion of kidney
Contains nephrons
Extends into medulla as renal columns |
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Term
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Definition
consists of 6-18 renal pyramids
Base of each pyramid is next to cortex |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Major and minor calyces along with the pelvis |
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Definition
| Drain urine to the ureters |
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Term
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Definition
| Recieve 20-25 percent of total cardiac ouput |
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Term
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Definition
| recieves blood through renal artery |
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Term
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Definition
| filter 1200 ml of blood flow |
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Term
| Each kidney receives blood from a renal artery which branches into |
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Definition
Segmental arteries
Interlobar arteries
Arcuate arteries
Interlobular arteries
afferent arterioles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| recieve blood from renal artery |
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Term
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Definition
Divide into interlobar arteries:
which radiate outward through renal columns between renal pyramids |
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Term
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Definition
Supply blood to arcuate arteries:
which arch along boundary between cortex and medulla of kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| branch from each interlobular artery and deliver blood to capillaries supplying individual neprhons. |
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Term
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Definition
Deliver blood to arcuate veins
Empty into interlobar veins:
which drain directly into renal vein |
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Term
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Definition
Innervate kidneys and ureters
Enter each kidney at hilum
Follow tributaries of renal arteries to individual nephrons |
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Term
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Definition
Adjusts rate of urine formation:
by changing blood flow and blood pressure at nephron |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates release of renin:
which restricts losses of water and salt in urine by stimulating reabsorption at nephron |
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Term
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Definition
| Functional unit of kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| most of nephron located in |
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Term
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Definition
| found partially or completely in medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| each neprhone recieves direct blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of nephrons surrounded by capillary bed |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of glomerular ( Bowman’s) capsule and the glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) |
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Term
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Definition
surrounded by peritubular capillaries
is continuous with collecting system
Collecting duct
Papillary duct |
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Term
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Definition
Production of filtrate
Processed along renal tubule to become urine
Reabsorption of organic nutrients
Reabsorption of water and ions
Secretion of waste products into filtrate
Secretion of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions into filtrate
Adjusts pH of blood |
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Term
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Definition
~85% of all nephrons
Located almost completely in the cortex
Bottom of loop of Henle in medulla |
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Term
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Definition
Specialized to regulate water content of urine
Allows water conservation
Have specialized capillaries called vasa recta |
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Term
| Blood Flow through Nephron |
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Definition
Blood enters glomerulus through afferent arteriole
Blood exits glomerulus through efferent arteriole
Blood travels from efferent arteriole to peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
Capillaries allow reabsorption of substances that are not excreted |
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Term
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Definition
| loop of offnestrated capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| inner visceral layer and outer parietal layer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| filters blood and produces glomerular filtrate |
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Term
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Definition
| cells of visceral layer of glomerular capsule |
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Term
| parietal layer of glomerular capsule |
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Definition
| formed by simple squamous cells |
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Term
| Difference between glomerulus and capillaries |
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Definition
. Tangled cluster/ball of blood capillaries
2. Surrounded by glom capsule
3. kidneys have “podocytes in their capillaries whereas regular body capillaries have “fenestrated slits”.
4. Also kidneys filter other fluid that is in the renal corpuscle. |
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Term
| Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
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Definition
Actively reabsorbs nutrients, plasma proteins and ions from filtrate
Responsible for most of reabsorption
Nutrients released into peritubular fluid and absorbed by peritubular capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
Descending limb
Ascending limb
Each limb has a thick and thin section |
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Term
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Definition
Actively secretes ions, toxins, drugs
Reabsorbs sodium ions from tubular fluid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Extreting Waste Products:
-urea
-Creatinine
-Uric Acid |
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Term
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Definition
| requires coupling micturition reflex with relaxation of external urethral sphincter |
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Term
| Urination coordinated by micturition reflex |
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Definition
Initiated by stretch receptors in wall of bladder
Initiated when bladder fills with 200 ml urine |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body |
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Term
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Definition
Passes through urogenital diaphragm
Forms external urinary sphincter
Skeletal (voluntary) muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains Rugae for expansion |
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Term
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Definition
| reservoir for the storage of urine |
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Term
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Definition
| can hold up to 500 ml urine |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction of this voids bladder |
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Term
| 3 layers of smooth muscle |
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Definition
| how many and what kind of muscle are in the bladder wall |
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Term
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Definition
triangular region near urethra
Directs urine toward urethra |
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Term
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Definition
contains internal urethral sphincter
Smooth muscle that controls discharge of urine |
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Term
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Definition
Pair of muscular tubes
Layer of smooth muscle in wall
Extend from renal pelvis to the bladder
Peristaltic contractions force urine toward the urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
Filtration in the renal corpuscle
Nutrient reabsorption along the PCT
Active secretion at PCT and DCT
Loops of Henle regulate final volume and solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
Blood passes through the Afferent Arteriole
Efferent Arteriole
Glomerulus - PCT descending L of H
Ascending L of H DCT
into the collecting duct
into the Minor Calyx Major Calyx
Final step is it moves into the URETER
into the Urinary bladder for temporary storage
Tinkle |
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Term
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Definition
| regulated by aldosterone and ADH |
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Term
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Definition
| Sodium ions, bicarbonate ions, and urea are reabsorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| pH is controlled by secretion of hydrogen or bicarbonate ions |
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Term
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Definition
Varies with the metabolic and hormonal events of the body
Reflects filtration, absorption and secretion activity of the nephrons
Urinalysis is the chemical and physical analysis of urine |
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