Term
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Definition
| kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra |
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Term
| urinary system may also be referred to as what 3 systems? |
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Definition
| excretory, genitourinary, or urogenital |
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Term
| purplish brown bean shaped organ located on back of abdominal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| kidneys located in retroperitoneal area- what is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 capsules that each kidney is surrounded by? |
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Definition
| true capsule, perireneal fat, renal fascia |
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Term
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Definition
a. each kid. has concave and convex border
b. sac like collecting portion-renal pelvis
c. all vascular & ureter come in and out of? hilum |
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Term
| 2 parts of inner structure of kid? |
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Definition
| cortex(outer layer) & medulla(inner layer) |
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Term
| basic functional unit of kid? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is function of nephron? |
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Definition
| to remove waste products of metabolism from blood plasma. aids in maintenance of normal fluid balance in body by allowing reabsorption of water and some electrolytes back in to blood |
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Term
| long tubes that transports urine from kid. to bl. |
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Definition
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Term
| muscular membranous sac that serves as a resevoir for urine |
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Definition
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Term
| how many layers does bladder consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
| musculomembranous tube extending from bladder to outside of body? |
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Definition
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Term
| what id external opening of urethra called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| urine is a byproduct fluid secreted by kid. what is % of water to solids? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is process of urine, which is byproduct fluid secreted by kid? |
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Definition
| it is transported by ureters to the BL where it is stored unitl it is voided through the urethra |
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Term
| what is formation of urine? |
|
Definition
| formed by process of filtration and reabsorption in nephron |
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Term
| how does blood enter the nephron? |
|
Definition
| by the afferent arteriole |
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|
Term
| lab. procedure involving phys., chem., and microscopic exam of urine? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| inflam. of glomeruli within nephron |
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Definition
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|
Term
| back up of urine in kd. caused by enlarged prostate or obstr. by calculous? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| a nephroscope is inserted into renal pelvis and ultrasound waves are used to fragment stones, fragments are removed by nephroscope? |
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Definition
| percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy |
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Term
| passing of fluid of semipermiable membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| takes from filtered urine back to the blood stream, ie sodium? |
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Definition
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Term
| actively being pushed out of blood stram into urine, ie potassium? |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation of bl, usually occurring secondary to ascending urinary tract infections. ascends up into bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| what might be the only symptom w/chronic cystsis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| painful inflammation of bl wall? |
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Definition
| intersticial cystitis(ic) |
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Term
| kd/renal stones are caused by mineral dep. in kd called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| treatment if kd. stones do not pass out of body? (outside of skin?) |
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Definition
| extracorpeal shock lithotripsy |
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Term
| treatment of kd stones do not pass. (thru the skin) |
|
Definition
| percutaneous ultrasonic lipotripsy |
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|
Term
| acute or chronic infect. of kid and renal pelvis? |
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Definition
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Term
| occurs when filter funct. of kid changes so kid are not cap. of healthy function> |
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Definition
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Term
| grad. and progressive loss of kid. function, most often results from any disease that causes gradual loss of kd function? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 2 most common reasons for chronic renal failure |
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Definition
| diabetes and hypertension |
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|
Term
| chronic renal failure is often not diag. till uremic stage, what does this mean? |
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Definition
| presence of excess amounts of ureaa in blood and is usually assoc. w/syndrome or group of sympt. assoc. w/end stage renal disease (esrd) |
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|
Term
| if someone has uremia what does this indicate? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what are primary parts of female reprod. system? |
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Definition
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Term
| name 5 accessory organs of female repro. system? |
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Definition
| fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts |
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Term
| muscular hollow, pear shaped organ that is suspended in anter. part of pelvic cavity, halfway btw. sacrum and symp. pubis, above bladder in front of rectum. |
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Definition
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Term
| normal position of uterus is known as ________, with cervix pointing toward lower end of sacrum and fundas toward suprapubic region? |
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Definition
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Term
| top rounded portion of uterine body, opp. from cervix? |
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Definition
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Term
| what attaches uterus and holds it in position? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 2 anatomical regions of uterus? |
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Definition
a. body/corpus which is larger(super/upper)portion
b. cervix is lowest cylindrical portion of uterus and extends from isthmus to vagina |
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Term
| constricted central area of cervix at end of uterine body? |
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Definition
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Term
| outer layer of uterine wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| muscular middle layer of uterine wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| mucous membrane lining the inner surface of uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| uterus turned backward w/cervix pointing forward toward pub. sym.? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| uterus bent backwards at angle w/cervix usually unchanged from norm. position? |
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Definition
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Term
| fundas forward toward pubis w/cervix tilted up towards sacrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| known as uterine tubes or ovaducts and extend laterlly from either side of uterus and end near each ovary? |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f, fallopian tubes are connected to ovaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| outermost layer of fallop. tube wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| middle layer of fallop. tube wall and contains inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| epithelial tissue (simple columnar epithelium) lining of innermost layer of fallop. tubes? |
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Definition
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Term
| constricted portion of fallopian tubes nearest uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| widened area that extends from isthmus laterally? (fallopian tubes) |
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Definition
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Term
| fallop. tubes: end of expanded area beyond ampulla? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| opening of fallopian tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| finger like structure of each ostium that works to propel discharged ovum into fall. tube where cilliary action aids in moving it toward uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| located on either side of uterus, almond shaped organs and attached to uterus and lie close to fimbrae of fallop. tubes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is ligament that attaches ovaries to uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| anterior border of each ovary is connected to post. layer of the broad ligament by the? |
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Definition
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Term
| each ovary is attached to the side of pelvis by? |
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Definition
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Term
| name of microscopic anatomy of ovary that consists of 2 distinct areas? |
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Definition
| cortex (outer) medulla(inner) |
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Term
| 2 main functions of ovaries? |
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Definition
| production of ova and production of hormones |
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Term
| each month a ______ruptures on the _______and the ovum is discharged into the _______where it enters the _____? |
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Definition
| graafian follicle, ovarian cortex, pelvic cavity, fallopian tube (process called ovulation) |
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Term
| how many ova does a woman produce during reprod. years? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what type of gland are the ovaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| female sex hormone secreted by follicles? |
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Definition
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Term
| steroid hormone secreted by corpus luteum? |
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Definition
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Term
| muscluomembranous tube extending from vestible to uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| fold of mucous membrane that partially covers external opening |
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Definition
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Term
| external female genitalia that consists of 5 organs? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is located btwn anus and vulva and is composed of muscle covered w/skin? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 2 folds of adipose tissue, which are large lip like structures, lying on each side of vag. opening? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 thin folds of skin that lie within labia majora and enclose vestible? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| small organ consisting of sensitive erectile tiss. that is homologous to penis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| small alveolar structures consisting of 15-20 glandular tissue lobes separated by a septa of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| breasts or mammary glands |
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Term
| dark pigmented area found in skin over each breast and nipple in center? |
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Definition
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Term
| hormone that stimulates mammary glands to produce milk after child birth? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 2 other hormones that play a role in milk prod. |
|
Definition
| insulin and glucocorticoids |
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Term
| thin yellowish secretion and is first milk? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does colstrum contain? |
|
Definition
| serum and white blood cells |
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Term
| produced by stim. of suckling. acts on mammary glands to stim. release of milk and stim. uterus to contract during partuition? |
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Definition
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Term
| characterized by the discharge of bloody fluid from uterus accompanied by a shedding of endometrium? |
|
Definition
| follicular stage/menstruation (day 1-5 of cycle) |
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Term
| characterized by the discharge of bloody fluid from uterus accompanied by a shedding of endometrium? |
|
Definition
| follicular stage/menstruation (day 1-5 of cycle) |
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Term
| onset of menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| onset of menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cessation of menstruation? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| stimulation of estrogen, thickening and vascularization of endometrium, and maturing of ovarian follicle occurs at this stage of menst. cycle? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when does the ovulatory phase end? |
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Definition
| about 14 days before onset of menstruation, when graafian follicles ruptures |
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|
Term
| corpus luteum in ovary is developing and secreting progesterone, which is highest during this phase as the estrogen level decreases? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the luteal phase characterized by? |
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Definition
| continued thickening of endometrium, mucus in cervix thickens, slight increase in body temp, breasts may swell or become tender |
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Term
| collection of endometrium outside of the uterus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| romoves only tumor in breasts and small margin of surrounding tissue? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| removes all breast tissue and underarm lymph nodes but leaves underlying muscles? |
|
Definition
| modified radical mastectomy |
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|
Term
| visual exam of vagina and cervix via colposcope? |
|
Definition
| colposcopy-more indepth-pap smear |
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|
Term
| what do abnormal results from colposcopy indicate? |
|
Definition
| cervical or vaginal erosion, tumors or dysplasia |
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|
Term
| visual exam of viscera of femal pelvis via culdoscope? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| why would someone have a culdoscopy? |
|
Definition
| suspected etopic pregnancy, unexplained pelvic pain, and to check for abd. masses |
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Term
| visual exam of abdom. cavity via laparoscoe. used to examine ovaries and fallopian tubes? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| process of obtaining images of breast by use of x ray. this proced. is able to locate breast tumors before the grow to 1 cm. |
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Definition
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Term
| screening tech. to aid in detection of cervic/uterine cancer and cancerous precursors? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| is the papanicolaou screening test a diagnostic test? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| surgical proced. to remove a woman's uterus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| removes cervix as well as the uterus and is the most common type? |
|
Definition
| complete or total hysterectomy |
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|
Term
| removes the upper part of uterus and leaves the uterus in place? |
|
Definition
| partial or subtotal hysterectomy |
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Term
| used in some cancer cases, this removes the uterus, upper part of vagina and supporting tissue? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| brings nonmenopausal woman into surg. menopauses. removes both ovaries, both fallopian tubes, and uterus at the same time? |
|
Definition
| hysterectomy w/bilateral salpingo(fallopian tube)-oophorectomy(ovary) |
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|
Term
| infection of upper genital area and occurs when disease causing organisms migrate upward from the urethra and cervix into the upper genital area. it can affect the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. it is the most common and serious complication of std's amomg women |
|
Definition
| pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) |
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Term
| benign tumors made up of muscle cells and other tissues that grow within the walls of the uterus? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| branch of med. that pertains to the care of women during preg., childbirth, and postpartum period or puerperium? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| resultant cell of fertiliz. or concept. ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| composed of tissue from both mother and child, anchors the develop fetus to uterus and provides means for fetus to recieve nourishment and o2? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| placenta can be described as? |
|
Definition
| exocrine organ, resp. organ, and endocrine organ, which produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) |
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|
Term
| placenta: shiny, greyish structure formed by joining of chorionic villi, in which umbilical vein and arteries intertwine to form umbilical cord? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| red beefy looking struct. develops from decidual basalis of uterus? (placenta id) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| stage of gestation where fetal stage begins? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| time btwn conception and onset of labor? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| last phase of preg. to time of delivery? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| 6 weeks following childbirth and expuls. of placenta. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| scanned by ultrasound to determine placental site and to locate pocket of fluid, as needle is inserted 3 levels are resist. are felt skin, fascia, and uterine wall, when needle is within amniotic cavity amniotic fluid is withdrawn? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| preg. resulting from gestation elsewehre than uterus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| dark line down abdomen during preg? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| inflammation of breast that occurs most commonly in women who are breast feeding? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| displaced attach. of placenta over cervical os, which results in reduct. of o2 to fetus and places mother at risk of hemorrhage and infection |
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Definition
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|
Term
| complic. of preg. charact. by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema and usual. occurs in women after 20th week of preg? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| loss of fetus as a result of natural causes occuring in first 20 weeks of gestation? |
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Definition
| spont. abortion (sab) or miscarriage |
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Term
|
Definition
| testes, various ducts, urethra and accessory glands |
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|
Term
| accessory organs of male repro. syst? |
|
Definition
| bulbourethral, prostate, seminal vesicles |
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|
Term
| connecting tube that connects testes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| located at distal end an expands to form glans penis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| lubricating fluid secreted by glands of foreskin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| another name for foreskin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| interior of each testicle is divided into about 250 wedge shaped lobes by? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 1 of 3 small tubes coiled within each lobe of testes |
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Definition
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|
Term
| male reprod. cell which develops within seminiferous tubules? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| attached to each of testes by efferent ductiles, it is coiled tube lying on poster. aspect of testes, serves 2 purposes, storage site for maturing sperm, and is first part of duct syst. thru which sperm pass on their journey to urethra? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| slim muscular tube that is continuation of epidymis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| composed of glandular connective and musc. tissue and lies behind the bladder, surrounds 1rst 2.5 cm of urethra and secretes an alkaline fluid that aids in maintaining the viability of spermatazoa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enlargement of prostate gland? |
|
Definition
| benign prostatic hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase in number of cells |
|
|
Term
| removal of part or all of prostate gland (cancer) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| serves as function of transmitting urine and semen out of body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| canal is open on dorsal surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| urethral canal is open on ventral surface of penis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| fluid filled mass in scrotum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cystic mass on epididymis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| dialation of pampinoform (plexus venous)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood test that measure concent. of psa. increased level indicates prostate disease or possibly prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
| prostate-specific antigen(psa) immunoassay |
|
|
Term
| test performed on semen that looks at volume, ph, sperm count, sperm motility, and morphology. used to evaluate infertility in men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enlarged prostate, it is comresses the urethra, thereby restricting normal flow of urine? |
|
Definition
| benign prostatic hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| when prostate is enlarged to point it restricts urine flow, this is also referred to as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| surgery in which vans deferens are tied off and cut apart |
|
Definition
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