Term
| major function of urinary system? |
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Definition
| remove metabolic wastes from blood and direct them out of the body |
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Term
| 4 organs of urinary system |
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Definition
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra |
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Term
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Definition
high on posterior abdominal wall
retroperitoneal |
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Term
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Definition
| tough fibrous shell around kidney |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cone shaped masses of tissue in renal medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| tube leading from kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| superior end of ureter which is expanded to forma funnel shape |
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Term
major calyces structure
-how many tubes |
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Definition
divisions of renal pelvis
2-3 tubes |
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Term
minor calyces structure
-how many tubes |
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Definition
divisions of major calyces
4-6 tubes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| urea is what kind of waste product |
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Definition
| nitrogen waste product of protein metabolism |
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Term
| kidneys regulate RBC with what hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| kidneys regulate blood pressure with what hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| kidneys regulate blood volume with what hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| blood composition also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| kidneys regulate calcium homeostasis with what hormone? |
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Definition
| calcitriol - active form of vit D |
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Term
| kidneys regulate pH by regulating concentration of what 2 ions? |
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Definition
H+ and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
by excreting a variable amount of H+ in the urine |
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Term
| renin activates what pathway? |
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Definition
| renin-angiotensin-aldsterone pathway |
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Term
| functional unit of a kidney |
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Definition
nephron
1.25 million/kidney |
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Term
| nephron is composed of 2 things |
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Definition
renal corpuscle
renal tubule |
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Term
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Definition
| glomerulus within a bowmans capsule |
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Term
| filtration unit of the renal corpuscle |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 structures of the renal tubule |
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Definition
pct
descendng loop of henle
ascending loop of henle
dct
collecting duct |
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Term
| collecting duct empties into what? |
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Definition
minor calyx which leads to a
major calyx and
the renal pelvis |
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Term
| location of interlobar arteries |
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Definition
between renal columns
(between each pyramid) |
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Term
| actual waste kidneys produce |
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Definition
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Term
1. Glomera Filtration Rate (GFR)
2. after reabsorption |
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Definition
1. 180 L/day
(7.5 L/hr)
2. 1.2 L/day |
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Term
point of contact between
the afferent arteriole and DCT |
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Definition
| Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) |
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Term
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Definition
| spot where cells in DCT are in contact with the affterent arteriole |
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Term
| final part of ascending loop of henle |
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Definition
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Term
| smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole |
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Definition
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Term
| JGA is very important in the regulation of ? |
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Definition
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Term
when do JG cells release Renin?
(2) |
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Definition
blood volume falls
or
blood flow to kidneys decreases |
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Term
| 3 stimulis of Renin release |
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Definition
dehydration
Na deficiency
hemorrhage |
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Term
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Definition
remove wastes from blood
regulate water & electrolyte concentrations |
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Term
| 3 major steps of urine formation |
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Definition
glomerular filtration
rubular reabsorption
tubular secretion |
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Term
| fenestrated glomerular capillaries filter what 2 things from blood |
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Definition
| water and dissolved materials |
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Term
| filtrate of fenestrated glomerular capillaries is collected in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are proteins filtered out of blood? |
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Definition
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Term
filtration is due to what force?
-force is inside what? |
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Definition
| hydrostatic pressure inside glomerular capillaries |
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Term
| blood colloidal osmotic pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Capsular Colloidal Osmotic Pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Hydrostatic Pressure in Glomerular Capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| Hydrostatic Pressure in Bowman's Capsule |
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Definition
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Term
| Kidneys produce how many ml of fluid per min? |
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Definition
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Term
| filtrate is reabsorbed in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is directly affected by 2 things |
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Definition
blood pressure
blood volume |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which substances are transported from the glomerular filtrate to blood in the peritubular caps |
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Term
| substances are transported from the glomerular filtrate to peritublar caps through what? |
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Definition
| walls of the renal tubule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
tubular reabsorption mostly occurs where?
-through what process? |
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Definition
PCT
through ACTIVE TRANSPORT |
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Term
| reabsorbed substances pass from where to where to where? |
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Definition
lumen of renal tubule through epithelial cells (PCT)
to
lumen of a peritubular capillary
to
bloodsteam |
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Term
|
Definition
glucose
amino acids
water
ions (sodium,chloride,phosphate,sulfate,potassium)
creatine & other acids
(lactic acid,citric acid,urea,uric acid,ascorbic acid) |
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Term
| as water is reabsorbed, substances remaining in filtrate become? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process by which substances are transported from blood in peritublar caps into the DCT |
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Term
| what maintains ion concentrations in blood |
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Definition
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Term
| if ion concentrations in blood are high, they will be? |
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Definition
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Term
| dehydration is prevented by what kind of mechanism? |
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Definition
| negative feedback with ADH |
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Term
| when excessive amounts of water are being lost in the urine, ADH does what? |
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Definition
| promotes the reabsorption of water through the DCT |
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Term
by-products of metabolism
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Definition
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Term
| waste that comes from amino acid metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
| waste that comes from nucleotide metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
| wastes are reabsorbed by what? |
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Definition
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Term
what % of urine is water?
other % include 4 things |
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Definition
95 %
urea
uric acid
trace amino acids
electrolytes |
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Term
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Definition
| small tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder |
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Term
| ureters carry urine through what kind of movement? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ureters location in relation to the peritoneum? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inner mucosa
middle muscularis
outer serosa |
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Term
| transitional epithelium of the ureters |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 layers of middle muscularis |
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Definition
inner circular layer of smooth muscle
outer longitudinal layer (peristalsis) |
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Term
| outer longitudinal layer of the middle muscularis is called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| location of urinary bladder |
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Definition
within pelvic cavity
behind symphysis pubis |
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Term
| urinary bladder is lined by? |
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Definition
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Term
| urinary bladder is covered by? |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle inside the urinary bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| detrusor muscle is how many layers of smooth muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| function of urinary bladder |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which urine is expelled from urinary bladder to outside |
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Term
| 12 steps of urine elimination |
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Definition
glomerulus -GFR collected in
Bowman's Capsule
PCT
loop of Henle
DCT
collecting duct (urine)
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra |
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Term
| % of nephron is cortical vs juxtamedulary |
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Definition
85% cortical
15% juxtamedullary |
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Term
| 13 steps in path of blood flow from the heart through a nephron and back to the heart |
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Definition
renal artery
segmental arteries
interlobar arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobular arteries
afferent arterioles
glomerular capillaries
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries
interlobular veins
arcuate veins
interlobar veins
renal vein |
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Term
| location of interlobar vs interlobular arteries |
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Definition
interlobar - between each pyramid
-between renal columns
interlobular - within cortex |
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Term
| afferent vs efferent arterioles leads where? |
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Definition
afferent - to glomerulus
efferent - away from glomerulus |
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Term
| what provides blood supply for loops of Henley? |
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Definition
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Term
| removal of 1 kidney can cause the other to undergo? |
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Definition
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Term
| if 1 kidney was removed the other kidney would filter what % of blood? |
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Definition
| 80% of the rate of 2 kidneys |
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Term
|
Definition
macula densa
juxtaglomerular cells |
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|
Term
significance of the JGA
-regulates 3 things |
|
Definition
regulates the:
function of each nephron
renal blood flow
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) |
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