Term
|
Definition
| A large amount of fluid is pumped into the abdominal cavity. The wastes that are in the peritoneal blood vessels pass out of the bloodstream into the fluid. The fluid (which now contain the wastes) is removed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| -This condition is caused by a lack of antidiuretic hormone, which keeps the water from being reabsorbed through the kidney tubules. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A kidney machine filters the wastes from the patient's blood. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| URINATION; URINE CONDITION |
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Term
|
Definition
| A swollen area within body tissue, containing an accumulation of pus. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| BLOOD ENTERS THE GLUMERULI |
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Term
|
Definition
| ALBUMIN (A PROTEIN IN THE BLOOD) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE URINARY BLADDER |
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Term
| BLOOD UREA NITROGEN (BUN) |
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Definition
| MEASUREMENT OF UREA LEVELS IN BLOOD |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| MEASUREMENT OF THE RATE AT WHICH CREATININE IS CLEARED FROM THE BLOOD BY THE KIDNEY |
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Term
|
Definition
| X-RAY IMAGES SHOW MULTIPLE CROSS-SECTIONAL AND OTHER VIEWS OF ORGANS AND TISSUES |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE IS NOT SECRETED ADEQUATELY, OR THE KIDNEY IS RESISTANT TO ITS EFFECT |
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Term
|
Definition
| INSULIN IS NOT SECRETED ADEQUATELY OR NOT USED PROPERLY IN THE BODY |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| (chiefly of drugs) Causing increased passing of urine. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Painful or difficult urination. |
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Term
|
Definition
| BLOOD EXITS THE GLUMERULI |
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Term
|
Definition
| CHEMICAL ELEMENT THAT CARRIES AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE WHEN DISOLVED IN WATER; NECESSARY FOR FUNCTIONING OF MUSCLES + NERVES; POTASSIUM (K+) + SODIUM (NA+) ARE ELECTROLYTES |
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Term
|
Definition
1) A liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, e.g., that present in a battery.
2) The ionized or ionizable constituents of a living cell, blood, or other organic matter. |
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Term
| EXTERNAL OPENING OF URETHRA (WHERE YOU PEE OUT OF) |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| IN KIDNEY, BLOOD PRESSURE FORCES MARTERIALS THRU FILTER (GLOMERULUS) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| GLOMERULI (PLURAL); GLOMERULUS (SINGULAR) |
|
Definition
| MASS OF VERY TINY, COILED, AND INTERTWINED SMALLER BLOOD VESSELS (ARTERIOLES); KIDNEYS CONTAIN ABOUT 1 MILLION OF THESE COLLECTIONS OF TINY CAPILLARIES THAT ARE FORMED IN THE SHAPE OF A BALL |
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Term
|
Definition
| INFLAMMATION OF THE GLOMERULI WITHIN THE KIDNEY |
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Term
|
Definition
| SUGAR IN URINE; INDICATES DIABETES MELLITUS |
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Term
|
Definition
| DEPRESSION WHERE BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES ENTER THE KIDNEY |
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Term
| HOW DO KIDNEYS PRODUCE URINE? |
|
Definition
| BLOOD PASSES THRU GLOMERULI, THIN WALLS OF EACH GLOMERULUS (THE FILTER) PERMIT WATER, SALTS, SUGAR, AND UREA TO LEAVE BLOOD STREAM. THESE MATERIALS COLLECT IN GLOMERULAR (BOWMAN) CAPSULE WHICH SURROUNDS EACH GLOMERULUS- WALLS OF GLUMERULI PREVENT LARGE SUBSATNCES (PROTEIN, BLOOD CELLS) FROM FILTERING INTO CAPSULE, THEY REMAIN IN BLOOD + DON'T APPEAR IN URINE |
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Term
| HOW DOES BLOOD ENTER KIDNEYS? |
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Definition
| BY WAY OF THE RIGHT AND LEFT RENAL ARTERIES THAT ENTER INTO THE KIDNEY THRU THE HILUM, IT BRANCHES INTO SMALLER AND SMALLER ARTERIES |
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Term
|
Definition
| THE BODY CELL THAT BREAKS DOWN AMINO ACIDS OR PROTEIN GIVES OFF AMMONIA; AMMONIA TRAVELS TO LIVER AND UREA IS FORMED; UREA TRAVELS FROM LIVER TO KIDNEYS WHERE IT JOINS W/ SALT ETC + LEAVES BODY AS URINE |
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Term
| ILLEOSTOMY (ILEAL CONDUIT) |
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Definition
| AFTER CYSTECTOMY; ARTIFICIAL OPENING TO CARRY URINE FROM URETERS TO OUTSIDE OF BODY, BYPASSING BLADDER |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| KETONE BODIES (KETOACIDS AND ACETONE) |
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Term
| KIDNEY (LOCATION + FUNCTION) |
|
Definition
| BEHIND ABDOMINAL CAVITY (RETROPERITONEAL) ON EITHER SIDE OF THE SPINE IN THE LUMBAR REGION, PRODUCE URINE- SECRETE A ACTIVE FORM OF VIT D |
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Term
| KIDNEYS MAINTAINS BALANCE OF WHAT? |
|
Definition
| MAINTAIN PROPER BALANCE OF WATER, ELECTROLYTES, AND ACIDS IN BODY FLUIDS |
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Term
| KIDNEYS, URETERS, AND BLADDER (KUB) |
|
Definition
| X-RAY EXAMINATION (WITHOUT CONTRAST) OF THE KIDNEYS, URETERS, AND BLADDER |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| PERTAINING TO THE MEDULLA |
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Term
|
Definition
| PEEING, VOIDING, PROCESS OF EXPELLING URINE |
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Term
| NAME THE ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM |
|
Definition
| KIDNEY, URETER, URINARY BLADDER, URETHRA |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| KIDNEY STONES (RENAL CALCULI) |
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|
Term
| NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (NEPHROSIS) |
|
Definition
| GROUP OF CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE PROTEIN LOSS IN URINE |
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Term
|
Definition
| SCANTY (SMALL OR INSUFFICIENT IN QUANTITY OR AMOUNT) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PKU (PHENYLKETONURIA) test (DONE DURING URINALYSIS) |
|
Definition
| A PKU test is done at birth to test for the presence of phenylalanine in the blood. Phenylalanine is an amino acid. Too much of this in the blood is associated with mental disease. The disease of phenylketonuria is present when an infant is born without an enzyme that changes one amino acid (phenylalanine) into another amino acid (tyrosine). If too much phenylalanine is present at birth, the infant is given a low protein diet that excludes phenylalanine and prevents this from accumulating. This diet may be followed into adulthood. The procedure is simple for testing and for correcting, so it is done on all births. |
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|
Term
| POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (PKD) |
|
Definition
| MULTIPLE FLUID-FILLED SACS WITHIN AND ON THE KIDNEY |
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Term
|
Definition
| ELECTROLYTE; CONCENTRATION REGULATED BY KIDNEY; ESSENTIAL FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS AND CONDUCTION OF NERVE IMULSES |
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|
Term
| PROPER TERMS FOR EXPELLING URINE |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| PROTEIN WASTE PRODUCTS (NITROGENOUS WASTE) |
|
Definition
| UREA, CREATINE, URIC ACID (RELEASED INTO BLOOD STREAM) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| INFLAMMATION OF THE LINING OF THE RENAL PELVIS AND RENAL PARENCHYMA |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The presence of pus in the urine, typically from bacterial infection. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| X-RAY EXAMINATION (WITH CONTRAST)OF THE BLOOD VESSELS OF THE KIDNEY |
|
|
Term
| RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (HYPERNEPHROMA) |
|
Definition
| CANCEROUS TUMOR OF THE KIDNEY IN ADULTHOOD |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| KIDNEY DECREASES EXCRETION OF WASTES AS A RESULT OF IMPAIRED FILTRATION FUNCTION |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE RESULTING FROM KIDNEY DISEASE |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| RENAL TUBULES LEAD HERE, IT'S A SMALL BASIN-LIKE AREA IN MIDDLE OF KIDNEY, IT NARROWS INTO URETERS WHICH LEAD INTO BLADDER |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| PRODUCED BY KIDNEYS TO RAISE BLOOD PRESSURE BY WAY OF CONTRACTING ARTERIOLES - BECAUSE KIDNEYS NEED A SLOW CONSTANT BLOOD FLOW |
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|
Term
| RETROGRADE PYELOGRAM (RP) |
|
Definition
| X-RAY IMAGING OF THE RENAL PELVIS AND URETERS AFTER INJECTION OF CONTRAST THRU A URINARY CATHETER INTO THE URETERS FROM THE BLADDER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ELECTROLYTE; CONENTRATION REGULATED BY KIDNEYS; ESSENTIAL FOR TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES, HEART ACTIVITY, AND OTHER METABOLIC FUNCTIONS |
|
|
Term
| THREE STEPS TO FORM URINE |
|
Definition
| 1) GLOMERULAR FILTRATION 2)TUBULAR REABSORPTION 3) TUBULAR SECRETION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TRIGONE (REGION OF THE BLADDER) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TRIANGULAR REGION AT THE BASE OF THE BLADDER WHERE URETERS ENTER AND URETHRA EXITS BODY |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MAJOR NITROGENOUS WASTE EXCRETED IN URINE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| URETER(S) (LOCATION + FUNCTION) |
|
Definition
| MUSCULAR TUBE(S)- ATTACHED TO KIDNEY- CARRY URINE IN WAVES FROM KIDNEYS TO THE BLADDER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| URETHRA (LOCATION + FUNCTION) |
|
Definition
| TUBE, CARRIES URINE FROM THE BLADDER TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE BODY, LIES ANTERIOR TO THE VAGINA AND THE VAGINAL MEATUS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| EXAMINATION OF URINE TO DETERMINE PRESENCE OF ABNORMAL ELEMENTS THAT MAY INDICATE VARIOUS PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS |
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|
Term
| URINARY BLADDER (LOCATION + FUNCTION) |
|
Definition
| HOLLOW, MUSCULAR SAC, LOCATED IN PELVIC REGION, TEMP RESERVOIR FOR URINE |
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Term
|
Definition
| NITROGENOUS WASTE FORMED BY KIDNEYS, ALSO CONTAINS WATER, SALTS, AND ACIDS |
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Term
|
Definition
| OPENING OF THE URETHRA TO OUTSIDE OF BODY IN A FEMALE |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WASTE PRODUCT OF PROTEIN COMBINED WITH O2? |
|
Definition
| NITROGENOUS WASTE. BODY CAN'T REMOVE IN GAS FORM, THEREFORE IT LEAVES BODY AS UREA THRU URINARY SYSTEM |
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|
Term
| WASTE PRODUCT OF SUGAR AND FAT COMBINED WITH O2? |
|
Definition
| CARBON DIOXIDE - LEAVES BODY THRU LUNGS. ERYTHROCYTES CARRY THE CARBON DIOXIDE TO LUNGS |
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|
Term
| WHAT COLOR IS URINE SUPPOSED TO BE? |
|
Definition
| NORMAL COLOR IS YELLOW (AMBER) TO STRAW-COLORED- PALE URINE = A LOT OF WATER IN URINE; SMKEY-RED URINE = BLOOD IN URINE; FOODS SUCH AS BEETS AND CERTAIN DRUGS CAN PRODUCE RED COLOR AS WELL |
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|
Term
| WHAT DOES NORMAL URINE LOOK LIKE? |
|
Definition
| SHOULD BE CLEAR; CLOUDY OR TURBID URINE INDICATES URI W/ PUS (PYRIA) AND BACTERIA (BACTERIURIA) |
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|
Term
| WHAT DOES URINE CONSIST OF? |
|
Definition
| 95% WATER AND 5% UREA, CREATININE, SALTS, ACIDS, AND DRUGS |
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|
Term
| WHAT IS A RENAL TUBULE AND WHAT DOES IT DO? |
|
Definition
| LONG, TWISTED TUBE ATTACHED TO EACH GLOMERULAR CAPSULE; LET'S WATER, SUGAR, SALT, UREA AND OTHER WASTE PRODUCTS PASS THRU; MAKES SURE THAT MOST OF THE WATER, ALL OF SUGAR AND SOME SALT RETURN TO BLOOD STREAM THRU TINY CAPILLARIES |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| PROCESS OF MOVING URINE FROM KIDNEY THRU URETER TO THE BLADDER |
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|
Term
| WHICH SUBSTANCES ARE SECRETED FROM BLOOD STREAM WHEN URINE IS FORMED? |
|
Definition
| ACIDS, DRUGS (SUCH AS PENICILLIN), AND POTASSIUM (AS A SALT) LEAVE THE BODY IN URINE |
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|
Term
| WHICH TESTS ARE INCLUDED IN URINALYSIS |
|
Definition
| 1) COLOR 2) APPEARANCE 3) PH 4) PROTEIN 5) GLUCOSE 6) SPECIFIC GRAVITY 7) KETONE BODIES 8) SEDIMENT AND CASTS 9) PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU) 10) BILIRUBIN |
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Term
| WHY ARE KETONE BODIES CHECKED IN URINALYSIS? |
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Definition
| KETONES ARE FORMED WHEN FATTY ACIDS ARE BROKEN DOWN IN LIVER; KETONES ACCUMULATE IN BLOOD AND URINE WHEN BODY BREAKS DOWN FAT, INSTEAD OF SUGAR FOR FUEL; KETONURIA HAPPENS WHEN CELLS DEPRIVED OF SUGAR MUST USE UP THEIR AVAILABLE FAT FOR ENERGY; IN STARVATION WHEN SUGAR IS NOT AVAILABLE, KETONURIA AND KETOSIS OCCUR AS FAT IS CATABOLIZED ABNORMALLY- KETONES IN BLODD IS DANGEROUS BECAUSE IT CAUSES BLOOD TO BECOME ACIDIC WHICH MAY LEAD TO COMA AND DEATH |
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|
Term
| WHY ARE SEDIMENTS AND CASTS CHECKED IN URINALYSIS? |
|
Definition
| MAY INDICATE A PATHOLOGIC CONDITION; SEDIMENTS (ABNORMAL PARTICLES THAT SETTLE ON BOTTOM OF URINE SAMPLE - MAY INCLUDE CELLS EPITHELIAL CELLS, WHITE OR RED BLOOD CELLS); CASTS (CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES OF PROTEIN OFTEN CONTAINING CELLULAR ELEMENTS); ALSO CHECKS FOR BACTERIA AND CRYSTALS |
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|
Term
| WHY IS BILIRUBIN CHECKED DURING URINALYSIS? |
|
Definition
| PRESENCE OF THIS MAY INDICATE LIVER OR GALLBLADDER DISEASE; HAPPENS DUE TO HEMOGLOBIN BREAKDOWN; WHEN LIVER HAS PROBLEMS REMOVING BILIRUBIN FROM BLOOD IT TURNS INTO HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA AND BILIRUBINURIA FOLLOWS |
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|
Term
| WHY IS GLUCOSE TESTED IN URINALYSIS? |
|
Definition
| TO MAKE SURE NO SUGAR IN URINE AS THIS MAY INDICATE EXCESS SUGAR IN BLOOD STREAM DUE TO THE FACT THAT RENAL TUBULES CANNOT PICK UP ALL THE SUGAR THAT FILTERS THRU THE GLOMERULAR MEMBRANE |
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|
Term
| WHY IS PH TESTED DURING URINALYSIS? |
|
Definition
| IT REVEALS CHEMICAL NATURE OF URINE; NORMAL URINE IS ABOUT 6.5 (SLIGHTLY ACIDIC); PH TESTING CAN DETERMINE IF INFECTION IS PRESENT, BECAUSE BACTERIA IN URINE BREAK DOWN UREA AND RELEASE AMMONIA (A ALKALINE SUBSTANCE) |
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|
Term
| WHY IS PROTEIN CHECKED IN URINALYSIS? |
|
Definition
| SMALL AMOUNTS OF PROTEIN IN URINE NORMAL, AMOUNTS THAT TRIGGER POSITIVE RESULT MAY INDICATE LEAK IN GLOMERULAR MEMBRANE WHICH THEN WILL LET ALBUMIN INTO RENAL TUBULE AND INTO URINE; MORE SENSITIVE TESTING MAY INDICATE EARLY SIGNS IN RENAL INVOLVEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS |
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|
Term
| WHY IS SPECIFIC GRAVITY CHECKED IN URINALYSIS? |
|
Definition
| TO CHECK AMOUNTS OF WASTE, MINERALES AND SOLIDS IN URINE; COMPARISON OF URINE TO WATER; URINE OF PT'S WITH DIABETES MELLITUS HAS HIGHER THAN NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY DUE TO PRESENCE OF SUGAR |
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|
Term
| WHY IS THE PROCESS OF REABSORPTION OF WATER, SUGAR AND SALT SO IMPORTANT? |
|
Definition
| SUGAR (GLUCOSE), WATER AND SALT (SODIUM) ARE ESSENTIAL SUBSTANCES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE KIDNEY OCCURRING IN CHILDHOOD |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secreted by the pituitary gland and helps reabsorb water from the renal tubules
back into the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nitrogen (increased amounts of nitrogenous waste) in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| calyx or calix (plural calyces or calices) |
|
Definition
| cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis IN THE MIDDLE OF KIDNEY |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| tube for injecting or removing fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Removal of the urinary bladder. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the urinary bladder. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| direct visualization of urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscopy (cystoscope) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New opening of the bladder to the outside of the body. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| When sugar cannot leave the bloodstream to be used by the cells in the production of energy, then the sugar stays in the bloodstream, goes through the kidneys, and leaves the body in the urine. This condition has been referred to as "sugar in the urine." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition of complete (excessive) urination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Difficult, painful urination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bedwetting (literally, “in urine”). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hormone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cell formation in the bone
marrow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to the capsule surrounding each glomerulus; Bowman capsule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High levels of potassium in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low levels of sodium in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to within the bladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ketone bodies (acids and acetone) in the urine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal condition of ketones in the blood and body tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| urinary tract stones are crushed |
|
|
Term
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
|
Definition
| changing magnetic field produces images of kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narrowing of the meatus (opening of the urethra to the outside of the body). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal condition of kidney stones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incision to remove a kidney stone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Downward displacement of a kidney. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New opening of the kidney to the outside of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive urination at night. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to near the kidney. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition of increased thirst. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Image of kidney after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotope) into bloodstream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kidney pain resulting from a stone in the ureter or kidney. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Holding back of blood flow to the kidney. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical transfer of kidney from a donor to a recipient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the trigone (area in the bladder). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Urea (urine) in the blood; a potentially fatal condition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
New opening between a ureter and the ileum (for removal of urine after
cystectomy). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surgical repair of a ureter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narrowing of the urethra. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the urethra. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surgical repair of the urethra. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inability to hold urine in the bladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inability to release urine from the bladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters. |
|
|
Term
| voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) |
|
Definition
| X-ray record (w/ contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained with patient is voiding |
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|
