Term
| what are the functions of the kidneys(7) |
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Definition
| regulate ionic concentration of the blood, regulate blood pH, regulates blood pressure and blood volume, regulates blood glucose level, maintains blood osmolarity, excretes wastes and foreign substances, produces hormones |
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Term
| how do the kidneys regulate blood ionic composition |
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Definition
| by regulating the levels of ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride |
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Term
| how do the kidneys regulate blood pressure and blood volume |
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Definition
| through selective water loss or water reabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of dissolved substances per Liter |
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Term
| how do the kidneys maintain blood osmolarity(2) |
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Definition
| through water loss or water gain and through ionic regulation |
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Term
| what hormones do the kidneys produce |
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Definition
| erythropoietin, calcitriol, and renin |
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Term
| when and how do the kidneys regulate blood glucose levels |
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Definition
| during times of starvation the kidneys are capable of gluconeogenesis |
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Term
| what substances are excreted by the kidneys |
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Definition
| food dyes, environmental toxins, drugs, creatinine, urobilin |
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Term
| what are cortical nephrons characterized by |
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Definition
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Term
| what are juxtamedullary nephrons characterized by |
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Definition
| longer loops of Henle along with a vasa recta |
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Term
| What three processes are required for the formation of urine |
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Definition
| filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of water and solutes from the glomerulus into the capsular space of Bowman's capsule |
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Term
| What is tubular reabsorption |
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Definition
| the movement of substances from renal tubules into peritubular capillaries |
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Term
| What is tubular secretion |
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Definition
| the movement of wastes and other substances from peritubular capillaries into renal tubules |
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Term
| What are the three components of the filtration membrane |
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Definition
| capillary endothelium, basal lamina, and filtration slits |
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Term
| What type of capillary is found in the filtration membrane |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the capillary endothelium layer of the filtration membrane allow through |
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Definition
| allows passage of all solutes except for blood and platelets |
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Term
| What does the basal lamina allow through in the filtration membrane |
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Definition
| allows the passage of ions, nutrients, and medium-sized plasma proteins |
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Term
| Where are filtration slits found |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| the foot processes of podocytes. They form a layer of the filtration membrane with slits between the pedicels |
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Term
| What do filtration slits in the filtration membrane allow the passage of |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes filtration to occur |
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Definition
| pressure differences between the inside and outside of capillary walls |
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|
Term
| What is glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure(GBHP) |
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Definition
| the blood pressure in the glomerulus capilliaries |
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Term
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Definition
| it pushes water and solutes out of the capillaries and across the filtration membrane |
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|
Term
| what is the average value of GBHP |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is capsular hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
| the pressure exerted from filtrate that is already in the capsule |
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|
Term
| What force does capsular hydrostatic pressure oppose |
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Definition
| glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure |
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Term
| What does capsular hydrostatic pressure do |
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Definition
| it pushes the filtrate back into the capillaries |
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|
Term
| What is the average capsular hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes blood colloid osmotic pressure |
|
Definition
| the presence of large plasma proteins in the glomerular capillaries |
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Term
| What force does blood colloid osmotic pressure oppose |
|
Definition
| glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure |
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Term
| What happens as a result of blood colloid osmotic pressure |
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Definition
| water follows its osmotic gradient and moves into the plasma |
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|
Term
| What is the average blood colloid osmotic pressure value |
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Definition
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