Term
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Definition
| Stress occurs when individuals are faced with a situation for which their usual behaviors are inadequate and the consequences of not adapting to the situation are perceived as threatening or serious. The GAP is what's important, and the reaction is emotional and physiological |
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Term
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Definition
| the ideal physical and psychological state is equilibrium (allostasis) |
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Term
| how is homeostasis disrupted? |
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Definition
| a stressor disrupts the system and the animal expends energy (the stress response) to restore equilibrium |
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Term
| what happens if the animal does not have enough energy to exert a stress response? |
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Definition
| if a stress response cannot be produced, the problem remains unsolved and survival is compromised |
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Term
| benefits of stress response: |
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Definition
| energy is created for fight or flight, functions not necessary for these functions are put on hold, enhancement of attention, motivation |
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Term
| why can excessive stress cause pathological effects? |
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Definition
| the body is not designed to constantly deal with the effects of stress hormones and their actions |
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Term
| General adaptation syndrome |
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Definition
(GAS) occurs when you're exposed to stress,the graduate adaptation to stress:
1. alarm reaction = detection of the stressor
2. resistance= the coping phase during which the stress response is initiated
3. exhaustion= continuation of stress response leads to stress pathology |
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Term
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Definition
| stress is an emotional-psycho-physiological state of an organism that occurs in situational context. prolonged stress may cause health problems- particularly immune system and cardiovascular system |
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Term
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Definition
1. stressful life events- discrete events
2. chronic strains-on-going life strains
3. lifetime trauma- major events over the life course
4. daily hassles- annoying events in everyday life |
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Term
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Definition
the cumulative biological burden exacted on the body through attempts to adapt to life's demands. the "wear and tear" that comes when systems are forced to chronically operate outside their normal range, such as chronic stress-induced overuse.
the cumulative biological burden due to stress |
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Term
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Definition
| cumulative burden over the life course. early stress exposure/high allostatic load can have scarring effects that affect health in adulthood. |
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Term
| how is the level of a stress reaction determined? |
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Definition
1. exposure (such as SES)
2. vulnerability (education, resources to react) |
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Term
| what occurs during the stress appraisal process? |
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Definition
1. primary appraisal: initial evaluation of threat, harm or challenge
2. secondary: appraising the options to deal with the stressor (leads to coping efforts) |
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Term
| what is the relationship between adult stress and BMI? |
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Definition
| In women, especially african americans, higher proportions of respondents experienced high stress levels as well has higher BMIs |
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Term
| what were the findings of the study on stress and BMI in african american respondents? |
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Definition
1. stress, time constraint = weight gain
2. stress, distress, using food as coping mechanism = weight gain
3. distress = weight loss |
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Term
| women's childhood and adult ______ are associated with _______ through adulthood. |
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Definition
| women's childhood and adult stress patterns are associated with body mass trajectories through adulthood. |
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Term
| african american women are especially susceptible to weight change after ______. |
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Definition
| african american women are especially susceptible to weight change after change in adult stress. |
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Term
| _______ may explain which direction weight trajectories unfold. |
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Definition
| psychological distress may explain in which direction weight trajectories unfold. |
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Term
| cumulative disadvantage process _____ across social groups. |
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Definition
| cumulative disadvantage process varies across social groups. |
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Term
| What does the 'long arm of childhood' claim? |
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Definition
| childhood conditions are associated with both physical functioning and mortality risk of older adults |
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Term
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Definition
| period of life without significant health problems |
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Term
| how does childhood 'jointly influence' physical functionality and mortality? |
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Definition
| childhood jointly influences both mortality and functionality by affecting your active life expectancy. |
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Term
| what were the two components of the study regarding childhood influence on ALE? |
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Definition
1. childhood development (nutrition, genes, parenting, education)
2. aging (homeostatic resiliency) (occupancy, marriage, disease) |
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Term
| what is the master variable in childhood --> ALE? |
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Definition
| educational attainment is a key indicator of overall lifetime environment |
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Term
| how does educational attainment affect your ALE? |
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Definition
| informs about and in support of healthy lifestyles, provides access to good jobs, provides awards from our information based society, provides access to valuable networks/relationships, fosters sophisticated cognitive skills, greater sense of human agency and control. |
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Term
| adults who experienced adverse childhood conditions were much more likely to make ________. |
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Definition
| adults who experienced adverse childhood conditions were much more likely to make unfavorable transitions. |
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Term
| childhood _____ & ______ independently predicted transitions. |
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Definition
| childhood SES and health independently predicted transitions. |
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Term
| education _______ the effects of childhood SES. |
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Definition
| education only partly mediated the effects of childhood SES |
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Term
| education _______ the effect of childhood health. |
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Definition
| education did not mediate any of the effect of childhood health |
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Term
| childhood SES, health, and education combined in an _____ way to influence ALE |
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Definition
| childhood health, SES, and education combined in an additive cumulative way to influence ALE |
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Term
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Definition
| a dynamic multidemensional state or condition of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. results from one's interactions and adaptations to their environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| health promotion is the educational process and ecological supports aimed at improving personal health behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
multiple levels of influence on health and behavior:
1. intrapersonal
2. interpersonal
3. organizational
4. community
5. society |
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Term
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Definition
| changing individuals is the target. especially attitudes or beliefs within the individual |
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Term
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Definition
| changing individuals through social influences. one on one social exchanges |
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Term
| organizational influences |
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Definition
| supports long term behavioral changes among individuals through changing rules, regulations, infrastructures. |
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Term
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Definition
| create change in the community, networks of infrastructures and people, by changing the relationships between organizations or power structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| create change through societal-level policy, social norms, strengthening/weakening in structure to influence policy |
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Term
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Definition
| increase or decrease the likely hood you'll engage in a behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a core assumption of healthcare promotion- states that people and environment transactions are characterized by cycles of mutual influence. |
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Term
| what is a key to the effectiveness of SEM? |
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Definition
| the social ecological model's effectiveness is largely related to the coordination of individuals at different levels as well as the use of multiple fields. |
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Term
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Definition
the main focus of public health, comes in three forms:
1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary |
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Term
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Definition
| primary prevention is the prevention of disease before it occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| secondary prevention is the early detection and treatment of disease to limit disability and prevent more serious development |
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Term
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Definition
| tertiary prevention is the slow or block progression of disability |
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Term
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Definition
| 1950's, experts tried to explain why people wouldn't come take free TB tests. Decided that there. decided that individuals acted on their health after considering the their susceptibility, severity, and the benefits and barriers. |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective perception of risk of contracting a health condition |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective perception concerning the seriousness of illness or leaving untreated including medical consequences and social consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective perception that advised action will reduce risk or seriousness of negative outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective perception of potential negative aspects of health behaviors that may act as an impediment to doing behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce the outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| adds domains and constraings to personal, behavioral and environmental factors. contends the triadic reciprocal determinism |
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Term
| triadic reciprocal determinism |
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Definition
| there is a constant dynamic interaction between the person, behavior and environment |
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Term
| what are the purposes of community level theories? |
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Definition
| community level theories strive to mobilize resources, help groups identify problems and goals, and to develop and implement strategies. |
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Term
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Definition
| a way of evaluating interventions that uses measurement obtained during the implementation of the program activities and evaluates their contribution to the program's performance |
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Term
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Definition
| an evaluation of interventions that analyzes the immediate observable effects of a program, leading to intended outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| evaluating an intervention based on the completion of the ultimate goal, program, or treatment |
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