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| group who believed that matter was evil and spirit was good |
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| first bishop of Canterbury; consecrated pagan temples and helped convert England people to Christianity |
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| cut down the sacred tree of Thor; and people saw that he was not punished for this; so they converted to Christianity b/c it was obviously more powerful |
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| aka Charles the Great; first holy roman emperor; athlete; roman style of worship used in Europe |
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| condition which a person remains un-married for the sake of God |
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| ran away from home; started monasteries |
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| reforms of monastic life; more spiritual and moral; more artists; changed lifestyle of monks |
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| pope had power to elect leaders |
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| governor in Slavic territory in Byzantine empire; was told to spread Christianity to Russia |
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| Difference between Eastern Rite Catholic Churches and Eastern Orthodox Christians |
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| Nicene Creed; Latin and Greek; eastern not in union with pope |
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| preached to Albigensianism; tired to restore peace and started order of preachers |
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| rewarded Pope Steven III a ruler of Italy- Boniface |
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| severe ecclesiastical penalty that excludes offender from taking sacraments |
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| joined monastic life; received stigmata |
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| a series of church reforms under Pope Gregory VII |
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| attacked simony and lay investiture; great ruler and pope |
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| church of holy wisdom built in Constantinople |
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| flight of the Muslims from Mecca to medina |
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| followed pope Nicolas; name changed to Pope Gregory VII |
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| disagreement caused by East Empire over icon worship saying it was idolatry |
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| kings/ lords naming church leaders because they will get favors in return |
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| 1045- 1093; escaped Germany; married king or Scotland and founded missionaries; abstained from work on Sundays |
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| religious committees whose members live among people and rely on their charity |
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| closed all churches in Sicily because of the leavened bread ritual |
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| converted virtually all of Ireland to Christianity; kidnapped by pirates; heard voices calling him back to Ireland |
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| crowned Charles the great as emperor |
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| Romanesque vs. Gothic architecture |
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| dark, fortress looking buildings as opposed to light and bright artistic scenes |
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| faith seeking understanding. Philosophical way of learning theology |
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| payment for church office; buying position of bishop |
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| St. Thomas Aquinas’ comprehensive systematic examination or Christian theology |
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| first medieval theologian |
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| part of monastic reforms; called on warriors to abstain from battle during special days |
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| William of Aquitaine and Abbot Berno |
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| William gave Berno land for monastery where the Cluny reforms took place |
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| At what council and during which year were the seven sacraments of the church officially recognized? |
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| Second Council of Lyons in 1274 |
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| What is the standard design of a basilica? |
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| Rectangle shape with a circle at one end with an altar separating priest from the people |
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| What did Boniface do for Pepin and what did Pepin give the pope in return? |
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| Boniface was the pope’s representative and Pepin gave Pope Steven III Boniface as ruler |
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| What is the hijrah and what significance does it have for Muslims today? |
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| The flight from Mecca to Medina; it started the Muslim calendar |
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| What historical event took place on Christmas Day in the year 800? Why was it important? |
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| Charles the Great was crowned holy roman emperor and this was important because he was one of the greatest rulers of all time |
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| Who fought in the Battle of Tours and what year? Why was this battle important? |
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| Charles Martel and the Christians vs. the Muslims; if the Muslims won their religion may have spread throughout Europe |
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| What was the main controversy at the Synod of Whitby? What saint supervised this synod? |
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| “Is the pope, the successor of Peter, the head of the church?” Saint Aidan supervised it |
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| How did the Sacrament of Reconciliation change after the 700’s? Provide at least two ways that this sacrament changed. |
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1. Separated from the church
2. Longer process
3. Public penitent
4. No private confessions |
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