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| Corrupt railroad industry during President Grants presidency. The government was taking profits of the railroad from stockholders. |
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| Built New York Central Railroad. Was a business machine |
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| Banker who redefined the railroad industry |
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| Constructed the Brooklyn Bridge. Had a steel contract and employed 20,000 people and ad the largest industrial company in the world |
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| Built titian business, the Standard Oil Company |
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| Created by Rockefeller, served as the model for the industry and it exported oil to the world |
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| Business management device to centralize and make more efficient management of diverse and for flung business operations. It allowed stockholders to exchange stock certificates for trust certificates in which dividends were paid |
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| The trustees had one of these over all the money in a company |
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| Between 1870 and 1900 the numbers rose 130% and they worked for less money |
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| Mostly young single women who moved into formally male occupations as secretaries, bookkeepers, typists, telephone operators, nurses, teachers, librarians, and clerks in stores. 5.3 million in 1900. They could not study law and had unequal pay and status |
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| Had a rags to riches story |
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| Founded in 1869, this group pursued broad-gauged reforms as much as practical issues such as wages and hours. They welcomed all laborers and abolition of child labor |
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| On May 4, 1886 demonstrations in Chicago’s Haymarket Square. During riot 2 workers were killed and it turned into a violent strike after a bomb exploded and killed 7 policemen. This led to sympathy of the laborers |
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| American Federation of Labor: (AFL) |
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| Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886. It was a loose alliance of national craft and it worked for specific practical objectives such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions |
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| Founder of the AFL and worked for better material lives of workers, capitalism, and more rewards for the workers |
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| July 1892, there was wage cutting at Carnegie’s Homestead Steel plant and it provoked this violent strike. The workers used force and strike barriers. The company officials eventually broke up the strike and destroyed the Union. |
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| "How the Other Half Lives" |
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| the lives of tenements were harsh and were perceived in this film as terrible. It was a world of dark halls, poor ventilation, and squalid conditions |
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| Small city lots crowded with people into cramped apartments. 1890, half of homes in NYC were tenements. It smelled of poverty and neglect |
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| NYC democratic machine and place of corrupt government of NYC |
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| Head of Tweed ring in NYC. He was a powerful political machine who rose with poverty and crime. It had corrupt gang rings led by politics |
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| Legit profits made form advance knowledge of city projects (some bosses believed in it) |
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