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| Chivington's troops of 700 men fire on Native Americans who wanted peace after raiding nearby ranches; November 29th, 1864 |
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| leader of the Sioux Native Americans |
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| Lieutenant Colonel of the US Army troops in the Battle of the Little Bighorn |
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| Battle of the Little Bighorn |
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| the Sioux clan slaughtered the US Army in a temporary defeat on June 25, 1876 |
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| in December 1890, the US Army slaughtered about 300 Sioux men, women, and children |
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| the leader of a group of Native Americans in Oregon |
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| the Apache leader who fled the reservation with dozens of others |
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| the abandoning of one's culture and adopting the "superior" American culture |
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| a federal agency designed to Americanize Native Americans |
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| signed in 1887, Dawes Act broke up Native American reservation and made each Native American into a property owner |
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| silver found in the Carson River Valley in Nevada; $500 million worth of silver mined within 20 years |
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| sifting through gravel/loose sand |
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| high pressure water used to blast away dirt to expose minerals |
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| cutting deep shafts in solid rock to extract ore |
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| beginning in San Antonio and ending in Kansas, a famous cattle trail in the late 1800s |
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| patented his invention, barbed wire |
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| a house in the side of a hill |
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| allowed any head of a household over the age of 21 to receive 160 acres to farm for 5 years, then be granted ownership of that land |
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| gave railroad companies land to encourage the construction of more railroads; passed in 1862 |
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| passed in 1862, this gave land to provide colleges "agriculture and mechanic arts" |
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| a historian who seized the news that the government had said the "frontier is closed" |
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| urged African Americans to build their own communities in the West |
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| African American settler who settled in the West |
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| shelters dug into the side of hills |
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| developed a new plow with a sharper edge that helped Plain farmers plow fields with less effort |
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| farms that operated like factories on the Plains |
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| a man could vote if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote |
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| laws designed to create and enforce segregation in the South |
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| a ruling of the Court that upheld the practice of segregation |
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| the murder of an individual, usually by hanging, without a legal trial |
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| man born into slavery who believed that African Americans should accept segregation for the moment |
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| a Harvard-trained professor who spoke out against prejudice and advocated for fulls rights for African Americans |
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| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; founded bu WEB Du Bois |
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| workers were tied to their jobs until they could pay off debts they owed their employer |
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