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| A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther |
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| A new urban complex that consists of a large node of office buildings and commercial operations with more workers than residents. |
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| An efficient manner of production, pioneered by Henry Ford, in which all employees, regardless of status, were treated equally, employees performed menial, repetitive jobs for higher wages, and products were highly homogenized. |
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| The rehabilitation od deteriorated, often abandoned, housing of low-income inner-city residents |
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| The term applied to the social and economic changes in agriculture, commerce and manufacturing that resulted from technological innovations and specialization in late-eighteenth-century Europe. |
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| With reference to production, to turn over in part or in total to a third party. |
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| Primary Economic Activity |
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| An Economic activity that takes something from the ground. |
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| A city that is at least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as significant. |
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| The rule proposed by Zipf that states that if all cities in a country are placed in order from the largest to the smallest, the second largest city would have about 1/2 the population of the largest city, the third largest city would have about 1/3 the population if the largest city, the fourth largest city 1/4 the population of the largest city, etc. |
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| Secondary Economic Activity |
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| Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials into finished goods by manufacturing |
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| Tertiary Economic Activity |
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| Economic activities that provide services. |
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| In the study of urban geography, an agglomeration is an extended town area consisting of the built-up area of a central place and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area. |
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| Central Business District |
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| The business area found at the center of every older central city and urban area. |
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| The model of urban land use developed by Burgess which demonstrates the invasion and succession processes that occur as the city grows and expands outward. |
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| A group of supercites that have merged together into one large urban are. |
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| A model of urban land use developed by Harris and Ulman based on separated and specialized multiple nuclei. |
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| Quaternary Economic Activity |
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Definition
| The economic activities that deal with information and knowledge processing |
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| Quinary Economic Activity |
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Definition
| The economic activities that deal with the highest-level of decision-making in both the government and private sectors of economy. |
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| The model of urban land use developed by Hoyt that shows urban growth in pie- shape wedges, or sectors, based on transportation improvements. |
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| A global city that serves as an improvement linkage or connection point in the global economic system |
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| An industry critical to the health of an area's economy. |
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| A point at which a product is transferred from one shipping method to another. |
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| The reduction in industrial activity that occurs when decreased profits and declining business cause a reduction from mother country |
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| areas where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries |
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| An industry that can be located anywhere without any ramifications. |
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| Foreign Direct Investment |
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Definition
| investment made by foreign company in the economy of another country |
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| During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure. |
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| The area surrounding and served by an urban center. |
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| A theory of industrial location, developed by Alfred Weber, that locates industries based on their classifications as "bulk-reducing" or "bulk-gaining industries." |
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| factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico |
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| cities, mostly characteristic of the developing world, where high population growth and migration have caused them to explode in population since WW2. All of these are plagued by chaotic and unplanned growth, terrible population, and widespread poverty. |
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| Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community |
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| A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. |
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| the prosses of which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell there houses at lower prices because of the fear of people of color will move into the neighborhood |
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| the dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration |
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| The ratio of non-basic jobs to basic jobs that show the effect basic job creation has on the creation of non-basic jobs |
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| A discrimnatory real estate practice in North America in which members in minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. Today, it's officially illegal. |
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| The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe. |
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| The volume of customers required in order to make a service viable. |
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| Redevelopment and refurbishment of urban areas. |
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| The rapid growth of, and migration to, large cities |
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| geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases. |
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| Settlements exist as "central places" to provide services to the hinterlands. |
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| series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market |
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| Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries |
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Definition
| Cities that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas. |
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Definition
an urban center with certain attributes that, if augmented by a measure of investment support, will stimulate regional economic development in its hinterland
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| Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government and is not included in that that government Gross National Product as opposed to a formal economy |
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| the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area |
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Term
| Latin American City Model |
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Definition
Model
Combines elements of Latin American Culture and globalization by combining radial sectors and concentric zones. Includes a thriving CBD with a commercial spine. The quality of houses decreases as one moves outward away from the CBD, and the areas of worse housing occurs in the Disamenity sectors. |
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| An urban design movement that emphasizes the pedestrian- friendly return to earlier close- knit neighborhood and a sense of community |
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| The practice of contracting with a third party service provider in another country to take over or supervise part of the business operations |
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| Peak Land Value Intersection |
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Definition
| The region within a settlement with the greatest land value and commerce. As such, it is usually located in the central business district of a town or city, and has the greatest density of transport links such as roads and rail |
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Definition
The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
Example: 5 min to Convenience store
Application: Helps people to determine the central place for a service. |
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| Modernization Model* 5 stages - 1. Traditional Society 2. Preconditions to takeoff 3. Takeoff 4. Drive to maturity 5. Age of mass consumption. |
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| residential areas surrounding a city |
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| The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy. |
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Definition
| a ranking of settlements (hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis) according to their size and economic functions |
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Definition
| dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing etc |
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Definition
| Interaction is proportional to the multiplication of the two populations divided by the distance between them (distance decay). |
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| Millennium Development Goals |
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Definition
| A declaration with the goal of improving the living conditions of people in the least developed countries. The goals were: (1) eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, (2) achieve universal primary education, (3) promote gender equality and empower women, (4) reduce child mortality, (5) improve maternal health, (6) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, (7) ensure environmental sustainability, (8) develop a global partnership for development. |
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Definition
a system of production of goods and services, usually consumed or distributed by a governmental agency, in quantities, at prices, and in locations determined by governmental program
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Term
| North American Free Trade Agreement |
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Definition
| Agreement entered into by Canada, Mexico and the United States in December, 1992 and which took effect on January 1, 1994 to eliminate the barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross border movement of goods and services between the countries |
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Definition
| An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures. |
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