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Definition
| the ways in which people produce, distribute, and consume things that are biologically necessary or culturally valuable |
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| the way certain cultures manufacture items; can be studied through the tools uses or the form, quality, standardization, distribution, or frequency of the artifacts |
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| social act that creates mutual ties of obligation and interdependency between individuals and groups |
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| specializing in a certain kind of item/craft |
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| mobile hunter-gatherer; have to hunt in excess of what their family might need for trade |
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| not-residential sites that are linked to residential settlements in the same region; place where people visited to obtain special resources |
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| specialized residential sites |
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| sites within a settlement that were uses for certain actions; typically zones with poor agricultural potential |
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| materials identification & sourcing |
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| function within clear spatial contexts usually recognizable by the archaeological record |
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| don't function within clear spatial contexts of each other but communicate anyway |
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| a social and biological unit that comes in a variety of forms and sizes based on the culture |
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| one-male, one-female unit with their biological children |
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| multiple fathers or mothers, children who might be no one's biological kin, others related in other indirect ways foreign to Europeans |
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| people who live together, share resources, and often bring up children together; corporate unit of production and reproduction in any society |
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| spatial dimension of a domestic group; spatial loci of collective domestic activities |
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| spatial manifestation of corporate residential groups who stayed in regular, sustained, face-to-face contact with each other |
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Definition
| how to study gender with the types of evidence archaeologists encounter to the contemporary sociopolitics of archaeology as a discipline |
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| how gender was seen in past cultures |
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| the way a particular society or other version of a group makes sense of and justifies the world |
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| a group of idealogies; make sense of the world for the people who hold them |
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| how we instinctively making meaning of our experiences through our idealogies |
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| an abstract assignment of meaning, usually religious; not the usual use of an object; i.e. cows in India or the wine and bread of the last supper |
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| sound-code that that signifies concrete and abstract meanings to those who have learned the code |
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| measured by a person's ability to exert authority on its society/people |
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| how a society organizes itself in order to enforce & make decisions, to resolve potential conflicts, and to control access to social power |
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| way a society is organized politically |
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| band-tribe-cheifdom-state |
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Definition
| correlation between structure of society and their economic typology |
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| everyone is ranked evenly with no power over the other |
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| There are positions that give some people power over others |
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| Class system with specializations |
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| relatively large and internally complex political structure; decision-making is vested within a permanent, centralized leadership characterized by differential access to wealth, power, and status |
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| CLM (Cultural Resource Management) |
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Definition
| vocation and practice of managing cultural resources |
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| application of archaeological research and its results to address contemporary human problems |
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| Native American Grave Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) |
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Definition
| passed by Congress in 1990 helped archaeologists put themselves on equal ground with native groups, who now get to control access to and request repatriation of a specific range of objects (funerary objects, sacred objects, cultural patrimony) and human remains |
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