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| the deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for subsistence or economic grain |
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| the land and its ownership and cultivation |
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| the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic plants |
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| a method of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged |
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| a plant cultivated by people |
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| where all land owned by the father is passed to the eldest son |
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| altering the behaviors, size and genetics of animals to benefit humans |
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| the wandering, but controlled movement of livestock, solely dependent on natural forage- is the most extensive type of land use system |
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| second agricultural revolution |
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| Began in W. Europe in 1600s; intensified agriculture by promoting higher yields per acre/ perfarmer |
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| the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil |
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| farms that produce high consumer demand products and either trucks them to market or to processing plants |
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| a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market |
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| Third Agricultural Revolution |
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| began in mid 1950'2; modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock and crops |
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| the use of genetically altered crops and DNA manipulation in order to increase production |
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| the system of agriculture found in developed countries |
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| crops that are grown without fertilizers and pesticides |
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| developing countries have some of their foreign in exchange for enacting conservation measures |
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| the reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants, such as cutting stems and dividing roots |
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| the reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds ; practiced by most farmers |
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| the production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer's family; found in LDC's |
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| farmers and ranchers sell all of their output for money and buy their families' food at stores |
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| yields a large amount of output per acre through concentrated farming (uses a small amount of land) |
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| yields a large amount of output per acre through less intensive farming (uses a large amount of land) |
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| intensive subsistence agriculture |
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| a form of subsistence agriculture where farmers expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum crop yield |
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| extensive subsistence agriculture |
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| a form of subsistnece agriculture that involves large areas of land with minimal labor |
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| altering the behaviors, size and genetics of plants to benefit humans |
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| farmers clear land for planting by slashing vegetation and burning the debris |
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| an area cleared for farming using the slash and burn technique |
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| a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift crop activity from one field to another |
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| Neolithic Revolution/First agricultural revolution |
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| time period when society went from hunters and gathers to farming and domestication of animals, 10,000 BCE |
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| a form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals (sheep, goats, cows, etc) |
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| seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures |
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| grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing |
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| a Malay (from Malaysia) word used to describe flooded fields where rice grows |
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| an Austronesian word used to describe flooded fields where rice grows |
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| the practice pf planting rice on dry land in a nursery and then moving it to a flooded field to promote growth |
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| a type of intensive agriculture where two crops are harvested in the same field a year |
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| the capturing and killing of animals and the knowledge and collection of edible plants and food of early humans |
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| Carl O. (the geographer), believed that the hearth of vegetative planting was Southeast Asia, believed vegetative planting came before seed agriculture |
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| a form of commercial agriculture, it is a large farm that specializes in one or two crops |
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| a grass such a oats, wheat, rye or barkey used as food |
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| the ring around a city from which fresh milk can be supplied without spoiling |
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| chaff that is allowed to be blown away by the wind |
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| a process of beating the rice heads on the ground to separate the chaff form the seeds |
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| where products were carried both ways across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during colonization |
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| dispersed rural settlement pattern |
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| areas of extensive agriculture practice whose individual farmhouses lay far apart |
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| nucleated rural settlement pattern |
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Definition
| areas of intensive agriculture whose villages are located close together with small surrounding fields |
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| England 1700s; the fencing or hedging of large blocks of land for farming |
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| the natural process by which material is worn away from the earth's surface; usually by wind, water, or ice |
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| mixed crop and livestock farming |
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| farmers grow crops and raise livestock on the same land with most of the crops fed to the animals rather than people |
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| a society in which men controlled the holding power in the family, the economy, and the government |
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| a machine that performs reaping, threshing, and cleaning |
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| the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers for human consumption |
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| a german farmer who created a model for rural land use |
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| ridge tillage (intertillage) |
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| a system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote soil conservation |
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| degradation of land because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting |
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| a machine that more effectively planed seeds |
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| began in 1970's; the use of higher yield seeds and expanded use of fertilizers |
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| a farm where people grow products that will be sold in a market |
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| the idea that humans can adapt their agricultural practices to the needs of the society or the environment |
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| farm or group of farms organized as a unit and managed and worker by a group of laborers under state supervision; communist countries |
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| branch of agriculture that deals with the breeding, raising, and utilization of dairy animals and the selling of their products |
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| a chemical used to kill pests, especially insects |
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| poles and sticks woven tightly together and then covered with mud; used in Africa for housing |
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| the outer covering of the seed |
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| a wheat crop that is planted in the autumn and develops a strong root system before growth stops for the winter |
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| a wheat crop that is planted in the spring and harvested in late summer |
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