Term
| A traumatic injury to the brain that is capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social and vocational changes |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the leading causes of disability and death in the U.S. |
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Definition
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Term
| Average client age with a TBI is between ___ and ___ years |
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Definition
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Term
| Injuries that occur when the head hits an immovable object |
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Definition
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Term
| Injuries that occur when a moving object hits the head |
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Definition
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Term
| Injuries that occur when the head is hit with a moving object and hits an immovable object, moving the brain within the cranium |
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Definition
| Acceleration-Deceleration Forces |
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Term
| Movement of the brain in a side to side twisting motion inside the cranium, which often occurs with aceleration- deceleration forces |
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Definition
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Term
| Injuries that occur due to direct blows to the head that change the shape of the head |
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Definition
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Term
| A focal cerebral injury directly under the area of impact |
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Definition
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Term
| A cerebral injury that occurs opposite the point of impact |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 main types of hematomas that result from trauma |
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Definition
1. Epidural
2. Subdural
3. Intracerebral |
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Term
| Hematoma that evolves from bleeding into the epidural space between the skull and the dura mater |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common type of hematoma with the highest mortality rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common site of an epidural hematoma |
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Definition
| Temporal bone, middle meningeal artery |
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Term
| Hematoma located between the dura mater and the arachnoid meningeal layer |
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Definition
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Term
Single or multiple lesions deep within brain tissue
Most commonly occur in the frontal and temporal lobes |
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Definition
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Term
| Hematomas that are ___ or larger are considered mass lesions |
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Definition
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Term
Bleeding into the subarachnoid space
Associated with cerebral vasospasm and hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| traumatic subarchnoid hemorrhage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Temporary disruption of the brain without structural abnormality |
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Definition
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Term
| Complications of secondary brain injury |
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Definition
| hypotension, hypoxia, hypercapnia, intracranial hypertension, acid-base imbalance, cerebral vasospasm, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperthermia, infection, cerebral ischemia, seizures, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia |
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Term
| Pathophysiology of secondary brain injury |
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Definition
| Inflammation and apoptosis (cellular damage/death) |
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Term
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Definition
MAP- CPP
(mean arterial (cerebral perfusion
pressure) pressure) |
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Term
| A skull fracture is classified 3 ways: |
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Definition
1. Linear (simple)
2. Comminuted and depressed
3. Basilar |
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Term
| Most common type of skull fracture, 80% from point of impact toward base of the skull, hematomas may develop |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of skull fracture that increase the risk of damage to brain tissue, risk of infection if skin is lacerated or dura torn |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of skull fracture at base of skull, often an extension of other fractures, CSF leakage, hemotympanum, racoon eyes |
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Definition
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Term
| Medication for skull fracture |
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Definition
decadron ( to reduce cerebral edema)
Antibiotics prophylactic (if surgery delayed) |
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Term
| ______ ______ injuries usually result from vertebral injuries, which usually occur due to aceleration, deceleration, or deformation forces usually applied at a distance |
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Definition
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Term
_____ occurs when external force is applied in rear-end collision
____ is a head on collision |
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Definition
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Term
| SCI injuries most commonly occur in the: |
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Definition
| cervical and lumbar areas |
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Term
| First manifestations of SCI |
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Definition
| microscopic hemorrhages and edema |
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Term
| Damage to spinal cord is classified as |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal cord injury where motor and sensory pathways completely interupted (transected); total loss of motor and sensory function below injury |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of spinal cord injury where pathways only partially intterupted; variable loss of function, further classified into syndroms |
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Definition
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Term
| Paralysis of the lower part of the body as a result of damage done at the thoracic level |
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Definition
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Term
| paralysis of the arms trunk legs and pelvic organs due to high cervical injuries |
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Definition
| tetraplegia (quadraplegia) |
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Term
| Temporary loss of reflex activity below the level of spinal cord injury, usually occurs within 30-60 mins of a complete SCI |
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Definition
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Term
| An exaggerated sympathetic response in SCI's at or above the T6 level |
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Definition
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Term
| Kind of meds given for autonomic dysreflexia |
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Definition
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Term
| Common causes of Autonomic dysreflexia |
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Definition
Full bladder, abdominal distension
Imopacted feces,skin pressure/breakdown
overstretched muscles, sexual intercourse
labor and delivery
infected ingrown toenail
exposure to hot/cold temps
over the counter decongestants |
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Term
| herniated intervertebral disk common in ages ___ to ___ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Majority of herniated intervertebral disks common in ____ region |
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Definition
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Term
| removal of part of the vertebral lamina: done to relieve pressure on nerves |
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Definition
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|
Term
| removal of nucleus polposus of an intervertebral disk (done alone or with laminectomy) |
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Definition
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Term
| insertion of a wedge shaped piece of bone or bone chips between vertebrae to stabilize them |
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Definition
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Term
| enlargement of the opening between the disk and the facet joint |
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Definition
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Term
| injection of enzyme chymopapain into nucleus pulposus: decreases size of herniation |
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Definition
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Term
| Growths within the cranium, including tumors in the brain tissue, meninges, pituitary glands or blood vesssels |
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Definition
|
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Term
| highest incidence of brain tumors occur |
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Definition
| young children and adults 50-70 |
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Term
| lab and diagnostic tests for brain tumor |
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Definition
| Ct scan or MRI, EEG, pneumoencephalogram, endocrine studies, PET scans |
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Term
| traditional chemo therapy for brain tumors has little or no values because of |
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Definition
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Term
| most common manifestations for brain tumors |
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Definition
| changes in cognition or conciousness, headache usually worse in am, seizures, vomitting |
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Term
| intracranial surgery that may facilitate evacuation of clot, series for craniotomy |
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Definition
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Term
| surgical opening into cranial cavity, cranitome used to cut between holes, tumor excised and bone flap turned down, supratentorial, infratentional |
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Definition
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Term
| excision of portion of skull and complete removal of bone flap: may be done to provide decompression after cerebral edema |
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Definition
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Term
| plastic repair to skull in which synthetic material is inserted to replace cranial bone |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A traumatic injury to the brain that is capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 main types of hematomas that result from trauma |
|
Definition
1. Epidural
2. Subdural
3. Intracerebral |
|
|
Term
| hematoma that evolves from bleeding into the epidural space between the skull and the dura mater |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common type of hematoma with the highest mortality rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common site of an epidural hematoma |
|
Definition
| temporal bone, middle meningeal artery |
|
|
Term
| hematoma located between the dura mater and the arachnoid meningeal layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
single or multiple lesions deep within brain tissue
most commonly occur in the frontal and temporal lobes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hematomas that are ____ or larger are considered mass lesions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinal tumors classified by atomic location as either__________ or _____________ |
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Definition
intra-medullary
or
extra medullary |
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Term
| type of spinal cord tumor that arise from within neural tissue of the spinal cord (10 % of spinal tumors) |
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Definition
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|
Term
type of spinal tumor that arise from tissues outside the spinal cord
(intra-dural or extra-dural) |
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Definition
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Term
| diagnostic tests for spinal cord tumors |
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Definition
| x ray film, ct scan or mri study, myelogram, electromyography, lumbar puncture |
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Term
| _____ and _____ are the first manifestations of spinal cord injuries and are greatest at the level of injury and for two segments above and below it |
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Definition
| microscopic hemorrhages and edema |
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Term
| medication for skull fracture |
|
Definition
decadron ( to reduce cerebral edema)
Antibiotics prophylactic( if surgery delayed) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of skull fracture at base of skull, often an extension of other fractures. CSF leakage, racoon eyes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
bleeding into the subarachnoid space
Associated with cerebral vasospasm and hydrocephalus |
|
Definition
| traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| complications of secondary brain injury |
|
Definition
| hypotension, hypoxia, hypercapnia, intracranial hypertension, acid-base imbalance, cerebral vasospasm, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperthermia, infection, cerebral ischemia, seizures, hyper and hypo glycemia |
|
|
Term
| pathophysiology of secondary brain injury |
|
Definition
| inflammation and apoptosis (cellular damage/death) |
|
|
Term
| type of skull fracture that increase risk of damage to brain tissus, risk of infection if skin is lacerated or dura torn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common type of skull fracture, 80 % from point of impact toward base of the skull, hematomas may develop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A skull fracture is classified 3 ways |
|
Definition
1. Linear (simple)
2. Comminuted and depressed
3. basilar |
|
|
Term
| temporary loss of reflex function |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| bradycardia and hypotension |
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Term
| signs of autonomic dysreflexia |
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Definition
| pounding headache, bradycardia, HTN, flushed skin above and pale skin below level of injury |
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Term
| Glioma is an _______ tumor |
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Definition
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Term
Most common type of brain tumor
Originates from neuroglia and invades brain tissue |
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Definition
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Term
Which brain tumor causes:
endocrine dysfunction, visual deficits, and headache |
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Definition
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Term
Which brain tumor causes:
Disturbances in coordination and equilibrium |
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Definition
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Term
Which brain tumor causes:
visual disturbances |
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Definition
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Term
Which brain tumor causes:
Sensory deficits, paresthesia, loss of two point discrimination, visual field deficits |
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Definition
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Term
Which brain tumor causes:
Innapropriate behavior, recent memory loss, personality changes, headache, inability to concentrate, expressive aphasia, impaired judgement, motor dysfunctions |
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Definition
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Term
Which brain tumor causes:
pyschomotor seizures |
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Definition
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Term
| congenital tumor that is vascular and slow growing |
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Definition
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Term
| slow growing extracerebral tumor that develops in meninges and is firm and encapsulated |
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Definition
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Term
| fast growing and malignant extracerebral tumor found in cerebellum |
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Definition
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Term
| Glioma tumor that is slow growing, may be encapsulated, denign |
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Definition
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Term
Extracerebral tumor that is slow gorwing and benign, originates from schwann cells of cranial nerve XIII, may also affect cranial nerves V, VII, IX and X
Firm encapsulated lesions attached to nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| glioma tumor that develops from lining or ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most malignant form of glioma |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
astrocytoma
glioblastoma multiforme
ependymoma
oligodendroglioma
astroblastoma |
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Term
| Most common source of neurologic tumors |
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Definition
| Neuroglia (aka astrocytes) |
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Term
| When performing a complete neurologic assessment, it is best to collect data by: |
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Definition
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Term
| A cleint is expieriencing increased intracranial pressure. Which prodedure would be performed in order to reduce the pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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