Term
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Definition
| the identity of subjects in a study are not known to anyone |
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Term
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Definition
**Organization that carries out the study must have an institutional review board that reviews all planned studies in advance.
**All individuals must give informed consent
**All individual data must be kept confidential |
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Term
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Definition
| random assignment of subjects to treatments is carried out separately within each block |
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Term
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Definition
| a data collection process that requires the application of a treatment to some or all of the subjects |
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Term
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Definition
| a variable that we think explains or causes changes in the response variable (input, "x", or independent variable). |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjects must be informed in advance about thee nature of a study and any risk of harm it may bring. |
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Term
| Institutional Review Board |
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Definition
| An oversight group that examines each proposed study to determine if the study is statistically sound and to protect the rights and welfare of human subjects recruited to participate in research activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| a variable that has an important effect on the relationship among the variables in a study but is not one of the explanatory variables studied. |
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Term
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Definition
| a dummy treatment with no active ingredients. |
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Term
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Definition
| the favorable response to a placebo treatment. |
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Term
| Principles of experimental design |
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Definition
**Control the effects of lurking variables on the response.
**Randomize -- use impersonal chance to assign subjects to treatment
**Use enough subjects in each group to reduce chance variation in the results. |
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Term
| Randomized Comparative Experiment |
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Definition
| Subjects are randomly assigned to one of two equal sized groups. One group receives the treatment, the other receives a placebo. The responses to the treatment are compared. |
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Term
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Definition
| all experimental subjects are allocated at random among all the treatments. |
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Term
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Definition
| a variable that measures an outcome or result of a study (output, "y" or response variable) |
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Term
| Statistically significant |
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Definition
| An observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance. |
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Term
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Definition
| The individuals participating in an experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| experimental subjects are grouped by a common characteristic before the study in a way that is expected to affect the response to the treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| individual data must not be revealed. Group summaries may be revealed. |
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Term
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Definition
| a variable that the researcher failed to control that impacts the results of the experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| does not receive the treatment in an experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| neither the subject nor the researcher knows who receives the treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| subjects who begin the experiment but do not complete it |
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Term
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Definition
| Compares two treatments. Subjects are paired so they match as closely as possible. Subjects are then randomly assigned to one of two treatments. The "pair" can be one subject who gets each treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjects who participate but don't follow the experimental treatment. They can cause bias. |
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