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Definition
| a minor violation of a local ordinance or state law that brings a potential punishment of fines |
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| the person against whom criminal charges or a civil lawsuit are filed |
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| the party who initiates the lawsuit in a civil case |
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| victim actually gave the defendant permission to engage in the prohibited acts |
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Definition
| a defense that sometimes protects very young offenders |
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Definition
| a defense someone has a mental illness |
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Definition
| law enforcement agents trap or trick a person into committing a crime that the person would not otherwise have committed |
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| strict liability offenses |
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Definition
| crimes that have no mens requirement; a person who commits the requisite actus reus may be convicted of the offense regardless of intent |
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Definition
| the level of criminal intent, or the mental state, require to convict a person of a specific crime |
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| the specific act require to convict a person for a specific crime |
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Definition
| "the body of the crime"; the specific elements that must be proved to convict someone of a specific offense |
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Definition
| a criminal offense that is punished by fines or a maximum of a year in a county or city jail |
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| a serious criminal offense that brings a potential punishment of a year or more in state or federal prison |
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Definition
| money a defendant must pay a victim for damages |
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Term
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Definition
| system of laws sometimes known as the roman system, used in many countries that do not use the common law system |
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Definition
| decisions judges have made in previous court cases |
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Definition
| laws enacted by state legislatures or by congress |
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Definition
| a piece of legislation enacted by a municipal authority |
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Definition
| previous court decisions that have binding authority on subsequent cases |
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Definition
| the legal system created in england after the norman conquest and still used in the US today |
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Definition
| verdict for a person recognized to be mentally ill but still considered criminally responsible for the crime |
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Definition
| standard for insanity, did they understand their actions? |
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Definition
| a defense in which the defendant must demonstrate that he or she had to commit the crime to avoid more severe consequences |
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Definition
| the degree to which a defendant must have intended his or her actions or the consequences of those actions |
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Definition
| payments a defendant must make to a winning plaintiff in a civil law-suit |
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Definition
| standard asks if conduct was product of disease |
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Definition
| a defense in which the defendant claims he or she was forced or coerced into committing a crime |
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Term
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Definition
| crimes that have been begun but not completed |
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Definition
| civil disputes in which one party sues another for the damages the defendant's actions have caused |
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| irresistible impulse test |
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Definition
| defendant has mental disease or defect? |
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Term
| american law institute rule |
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Definition
| asks whether the defendant lacked the substantial capacity to appreciate the criminality of the act or conform to the law |
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Term
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Definition
| made courts reluctant to interfere with prison management or prisoner rights |
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Term
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Definition
| determination of which inmates go where and the conditions under which they will be confined |
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Term
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Definition
| facilities in control of every aspect of life for those who live and work within them, including food, shelter, medical assistance, clothing, and safety |
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Term
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Definition
| municipal or regional facilities that house pretrial individuals believed to present a risk of danger or flight, awaiting probation or parole, sentenced to less than 1 year |
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Term
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Definition
| hold offenders who have short sentences, are non-violent, and are unlikely to attempt escape or pose risks to other inmates |
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Term
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Definition
| state or federal facilities that hold offenders sentenced to 1 year or more incarceration |
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Term
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Definition
| high levels of control in which the mobility of prisoners is severely restricted by physical barriers |
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Term
| prison rape elimination act |
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Definition
| legislation that established the nat'l prison rape elimination commission to develop national standards for detecting and preventing prison rape, as well as for punishing perpetrators |
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Definition
| a process in which a judge decides a person is mentally ill and is a danger to himself or others, and incarcerates that person indefinitely in a mental hospital rather than prison |
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Definition
| time taken off a prison sentence for satisfactory behavior or for participating in a prison program |
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Definition
| being dependent on an institution to meet basic needs - unable to function in outside world |
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Definition
| imprisonment in the criminal justice system |
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Definition
| isolation that denies the basic human need to interact with others |
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Definition
| perspective that the hardships prisoners endure lead to the development of a distinctive way of behaving in prison |
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Term
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Definition
| norms, values, and beliefs that develop among prisoners |
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Term
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Definition
| process of socialization where individuals adopt the norms, values and beliefs of the inmate subculture as their own |
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Term
| administrative segregation |
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Definition
| a special area in a prison in which inmates are deprived of he services available to the general public |
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Term
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Definition
| holding persons who have not yet been found guilty of a crime but are considered at a risk of fleeing the jurisdiction |
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Term
| supermax-security prisons |
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Definition
| provide the highest level of security possible- solitary confinement- using the latest correctional technology |
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Term
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Definition
| he deprivations inmates experience such as liberty, autonomy, security, personal goods and services, and heterosexual relations |
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Term
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Definition
| perspective assuming that inmate subculture does not develop as a result of prison circumstances but rather is brought in or imported from the outside when offenders enter |
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Definition
| rules that inmates follow |
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Definition
| inmates who, when they collaborate, can jeopardize the institution's security |
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Definition
| an assessment of the level and kind of risk an individual presents to correctional staff and other inmates |
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Term
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Definition
| allows an inmate a private extended visit with a partner or spouse |
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Term
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Definition
| special area in prison that provides additional supervision and control of inmates for disciplinary reasons |
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Term
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Definition
| inmates are under greater control than min-security and their freedom of movement is restricted to areas that are under close surveillance |
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Definition
| degree of danger an inmate poses to other prisoners and correctional staff |
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Definition
| the degree of danger associated with the inmates being housed in a prison |
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