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| He played a major role in the destruction and defeat of the mighty Spanish Armada. This helped England to create a great empire in the New World. He also became the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe. |
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| Sir Humphrey Gilbert's brother; tried another English attempt at colonization; landed in 1585 on North Carolina's Roanoke Island (this colony eventually vanished) |
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| Spanish fleet (made by Phillip II) that was conquered by smaller, swifter English ships and a storm in 1588; marked the beginning of the end of Spanish imperial dreams and ensured English naval dominance in the North Atlantic |
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| economic practice occurring in England; where landlords cut off crop lands for themselves (to produce wool) and small farmers economically forced to emigrate to America |
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| eldest son receives all of the inheritance; forced younger sibling to look for wealth elsewhere (America) |
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| Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonial ventures |
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| Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonial ventures |
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| company in 1606 received charter from King James I; looking for gold/route to Indies; settlement intended to be impermanent (caused pressure to quickly find gold); were still considered English (had same rights) due to charter; settled in James River region; founded Jamestown |
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| The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers. The settlement became part of the Virginia Company of London in 1620. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. Jamestown grew to be a prosperous shipping port when John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop. |
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| Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. |
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| The winter of 1609 to 1610 was known as the "starving time" to the colonists of Virginia. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred colonists survived. The rest died of starvation because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtain food in the new world. |
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| new governor of Jamestown; declared war against Indians in Jamestown |
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| First English - Powhatan War |
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| 1614- war between Lord De La Ware and the Indians- ended with marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe |
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| war methods used by Lord De La Ware against the Indians- raided and destroyed them |
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| first representative government in the colonies- miniature Parliament for the colonies |
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| Pocahontas' husband- killed in Indian attacks- father of the tobacco industry |
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| Second English - Powhatan War |
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| 1644- Indians tried to dislodge Virginians- Indians fail and are destroyed and banished from homeland |
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| founded Maryland colonies for Catholics- wanted freedom of worship |
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| is an employee within a system of unfree labor who is bound by a signed or forced contract to work without pay for the owner of the indenture for a period of time. |
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| Passed in 1649 by a local repesentative assembly in Maryland. This granted toleration to all Christians, but the death penalty for those who denied the divinity of Jesus. |
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| denied fundamental rights to slaves and gave complete control to the masters, including inflicting punishments. |
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| was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists principally over the manner of England's governance and part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. |
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| English Puritan-soldier; ruled 1649-1659 after Parliament beheaded King Charles I for dismissing them |
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| 1660; when Charles II was restored to the throne of England; lead to greater royal involvement and intensity in colonialism |
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| soldier-statesman who helped found Georgia; interested in prison reform; saved "Charity Colony" |
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| colonies that used the enforced labor of slaves to harvest cotton, rice, sugar, tobacco and other farm produce for trade and export. Crops were planted on a large scale with usually just one major plant species growing. |
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