Term
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Person to person via air transmission. Coughing or sneezing disperses droplets in the air which can be inhaled. |
|
|
Term
| Who is at risk for getting TB? |
|
Definition
Alcohol addicted, debilitated
Immunocompromised |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of latent TB? |
|
Definition
Has no symptoms
Does not feel sick
Cannot spread TB bacteria to others
Usually has a skin test or blood test result indicating TB infection
Has a normal chest x-ray and a negative sputum smear
Needs prophylactic treatment for latent TB infection to prevent active TB disease• |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of active TB? |
|
Definition
- a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer - pain in the chest - coughing up blood or sputum - weakness or fatigue - weight loss - no appetite - chills - fever - sweating at night
Usually feels sick
May spread TB bacteria to others
Usually has a skin test or blood test result indicating TB infection
May have an abnormal chest x-ray, or positive sputum smear or culture
Needs treatment to treat active TB disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the prophylactic treatment for TB? |
|
Definition
(usually INH for 6 months-1 yr)
Close contact with diagnosed TB client
HIV with positive TB test
Converted from negative to + TB test
Contraindicated in liver disease |
|
|
Term
| How do single drug combinations work for people with TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does mutlidrug combinations work for people with TB? |
|
Definition
Decreases bacterial resistance to drug
Treatment duration decreased |
|
|
Term
| What are the first line drugs for TB? |
|
Definition
| Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin |
|
|
Term
| Are first line drugs more or less effective than second-line drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ARe first line drugs more or less toxic than second-line drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interferes with DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Who should you be careful in giving isonazid to? |
|
Definition
Alcoholics
REnal or hepatic disease
Diabetic retinopathy
Pregnancy
Lactation |
|
|
Term
| _____ risk of isonizaid related hepatitis with alcohol or rifampin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug levels are increased with the use of isoniazid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What interventions should be made when taking isoniazid? |
|
Definition
C&S
Monitor hepatic fxn
BUN
Serum creatinine
Peripheral neuropathy
If at risk for PN give vitamin b6 (pyridoxine) |
|
|
Term
| What education should be given to a isoniazid client? |
|
Definition
1 - 2 hours b4 meals
Don't skip doses
Avoid sauerkraut, tuna, aged cheese, smoked fish
Do not drink and take it |
|
|
Term
| What does LUNGS stand for? |
|
Definition
L - Liver enzymes
U - Use cautiously with renal dysfxn
N - No alcohol
G - give pyridoxine
S - should take on empty stomach/screen vision |
|
|
Term
| What increases the effects of INH? |
|
Definition
| Alcohol, rifampin, cycloserine, phenytoin |
|
|
Term
| What decreases the absorption of INH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does alcohol increase when taken with INH? |
|
Definition
Risk of neuropathy
Hepatotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| How does rifampin effect body fluids? |
|
Definition
| Warn client that body fluids may be red-orange |
|
|
Term
| Should you abruptly stop taking rifampin? |
|
Definition
| Do not stop taking the medication |
|
|
Term
| Should you drink when taking rifampin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ARe there any drug interxns with rifampin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who should use rifampin cautiously? |
|
Definition
| Hypersensitivity, hepatic dysfxn, active/treated alcoholism, < than 5 y/o, preggers, lactation |
|
|
Term
| What are the undesirable effects of rifampin? |
|
Definition
Increased incidence of rifampin related hepatitis
decreased effectiveness of rifampin with ketoconazole
decreased effectiveness of corticosteroids, metoprolol, propanolol, oral contraceptives, oral sulfonuryeas, digoxin, warfarin |
|
|
Term
| What interventions should be made with rifampin? |
|
Definition
Monitor hepatic/renal fxn
CBC
Sputum analysis
Urinalysis
Dyscrasias |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 D's of Rifampin? |
|
Definition
1.) Drug interactions
2.) Do not take alcohol
3.) Do not stop taking
4.) Dizzy - DO NOT DRIVE
5.) Does havoc to liver
6.) Dyscrascias |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of fungus? |
|
Definition
| Candidas, histoplasmosis, asperigillosis, blastomycosis |
|
|
Term
| What is a topical fungal infection |
|
Definition
| Athletes foot, ringworm, vaginal itching, jock itch, Candidas in mouth or vaginal areas etc. |
|
|
Term
| What is a systemic fungal infection? |
|
Definition
| Histoplasmosis and all other osis’s. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What treats systemic candidus? |
|
Definition
| Amphotericin B (Fungizone) |
|
|
Term
| What treats histoplasmosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What treats aspergillosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What treats blastomysocis? |
|
Definition
| Amphotericin B (Fungizone) |
|
|
Term
| How does amphotericin b work? |
|
Definition
| Alters fungal cell permeability |
|
|
Term
| Who should be careful when using amphotericin b? |
|
Definition
Hypersensitivity
renal impairment
preggers
lactation |
|
|
Term
| What are the undesirable effects? |
|
Definition
| Very toxic. infusion related reaction, drying effect with skin, pruitis, nephortoxicity, thrombophlebitis, anemia, hypokalemia, ventricular fib. |
|
|
Term
| What are the interventions made w/ amphotericin b? |
|
Definition
I&O
Renal Fxn tests
Hepatic fxn tests
K and Mg levels
Monitor vital signs
Administer tylenol and benedryl 1 hour b4 infusion
Add hydrocortisone to infusion
Observe for hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
| What education should be included with amphotericiin b? |
|
Definition
Review oral hygiene such as usual a soft tooth brush and floss.
Avoid toothpicks |
|
|
Term
| How is amphotericin b given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oral and topical tx. Of candida infection |
|
|
Term
| What is the client teaching for nystatin? |
|
Definition
Administration: Swish and swallow
Gargle if throat affected |
|
|
Term
| What does fluconazole treat? |
|
Definition
| : Candidiasis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis |
|
|
Term
| How is fluconazole given? |
|
Definition
| Oral, IV, vaginal, topical |
|
|
Term
| What are the fungal infections of the skin? |
|
Definition
Ringworm
Athlete’s foot
Jock itch |
|
|
Term
| What is the ending that is associated with antifungals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does ZOLE stand for? |
|
Definition
Z - ZOLE many drug interactions can occur
O - OBserve hygiene measures to control them
L - Liver fxn tests monitoring
E - Educate to take with food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases permeability of the fungal cell wall membrane causing cell death |
|
|
Term
| What are the peptide drugs? |
|
Definition
Polymyxin B (Aerosporin)
Bacitracin (Bactrin) |
|
|
Term
| What do polymysxins B treaat? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomanas aeruginosa, E.coli, klebsiella, shigella |
|
|
Term
| What is the route of polymyxins B? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of polymyxins B? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does bacitracin treat? |
|
Definition
| skin infections and eye infections |
|
|
Term
| What is the route of bacitracin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of bacitracin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Metronidazole treat? |
|
Definition
H. pylori (GI tract)- an Amebicide
Clostridium difficile Clostridium difficile |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of metronidazole? |
|
Definition
F= facial flushing
A= alcohol caused
I- ncreased vomiting and sweating, severe headache, slurred speech
N= Nausea
T= Tacycardia
Dark urine or reddish brown with high doses
Avoid during first trimester pregnancy
Avoid alcohol |
|
|
Term
| What causes the FAINT reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is FLAGYL/METRONIDAZOLE? |
|
Definition
| Antiprotozoal-trichomnoacidal. Amebidicidal. NOT AN ANTIFUNGAL |
|
|
Term
| What do you need to teach clients on flagyl? |
|
Definition
Take FULL COURSE of medication
Take w/ food
Encourage mouth care
No alcohol
Brown urine may occur
No intercourse unless partner wears a condom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Influenza
Herpes
Hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| How is influenza transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is herpes transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Varciella-zoster (chicken pox/shingles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the general signs/symptoms of viruses? |
|
Definition
Headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Fatigue, muscular pain, cough |
|
|
Term
| What are the antivirals that treat influenza a? |
|
Definition
Amantadine HCl (Symmetrel)
Rimantadine HCl (Flumadine)
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) (type B) |
|
|
Term
| How are antiviral doses adjusted for people w/ hepatic/renal dysfxn? |
|
Definition
| drug doses decreases with severe renal or hepatic impairment |
|
|
Term
| What treats herpes simplex 1? Coldsore |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What treats herpes simplex 2? Gential |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What treats herpes simplex 3? Varciella-Zoster |
|
Definition
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Valacyclovir HCl (Valtrex) |
|
|
Term
| What treats herpes simplex 5? Cytomegalovirus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is hepatitis transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What treats herpes simplex 5? Cytomegalovirus |
|
Definition
| Adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera) |
|
|
Term
| What are the undesirable effects of antivirals? |
|
Definition
| HA, shakes, chills, nephrotoxic, neuropathy, bone marrow depression. |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period of malaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of the tissue phase of malaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of the erythocytic phase? |
|
Definition
| fever, chills, sweating, flulike symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Are malaria treatments combinations or singular? |
|
Definition
| Combination used for drug-resistant malaria |
|
|
Term
| What is the prophylactic measure for malaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs treat malaria? (Antimilarial) |
|
Definition
| Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), quinine (Quinamm), mefloquine (Lariam) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 groups of helminths? |
|
Definition
Cestodes (tapeworms)
Trematodes (flukes)
Intestinal nematodes (roundworms)
Tissue-invading nematodes (tissue roundworms) |
|
|
Term
| How long are antihelminths given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of antihelmentics? |
|
Definition
| GI upset, dizziness, drowsiness, HA, weakness |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing interventions of antihelmintics? |
|
Definition
Give after meals to prevent GI distress
Encourage good hygiene
Warn against driving motor vehicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tamiflu. used to treat acute illness due to influenza infection in adults and children. |
|
|
Term
| What does TAMIFLU stand for? |
|
Definition
T - take as soon as symptoms are detected
A - assess for HA, Fever, cough, fatigue, weakness
M - Milk and food b4 medication to decrease GI irritability
I - immunization should still be taken. THIS MEDICATION DOES NOT PREVENT FLU, ONLY TREATS SYMPTOMS! |
|
|
Term
| What is oxamniquine (vansil)? |
|
Definition
| Treats worm infections. (antihelmintics) |
|
|
Term
| What is hydroxycholoroquine (plaque nil)? |
|
Definition
|
|
