Term
| What is the body's largest organ system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 basic layers of the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of cells forms the new skin cells of the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of tissues are in the dermis |
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Definition
| Connective, collagen, elastin |
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Term
| What are the epidermal appendages? |
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Definition
Hair
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
Nails |
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Term
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Definition
| the major sweat glands of the human body, found in virtually all skin.[4] They produce a clear, odorless substance, consisting primarily of water and NaCl ( |
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Term
| What is an apocrine gland? |
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Definition
| Apocrine glands, on the other hand, produce a milky fluid that most commonly is secreted when you're under emotional stress. This fluid is odorless until it combines with bacteria found normally on your skin. |
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Term
| What are the structures of a nail? |
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Definition
-Posterior nail fold
-Cuticle
-Lunula
-Lateral nail fold
-Nail plate
-Nail matrix
-Nail bed |
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Term
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Definition
Protection from environment
Prevents penetration
Perception
Temperature regulation
Identification
Communication
Wound repair
Absorption and excretion
Production of vitamin D |
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Term
| What are some important HHQ to ask when assessing skin, hair and nails? |
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Definition
Past history of skin disease, allergies, hives, psoriasis, or eczema?
Change in pigmentation or color?
Change in mole size, shape, color, tenderness?
Excessive dryness or moisture?
Pruritus or skin itching?
Excessive bruising?
Rash or lesions?
Medications: prescription and over-the-counter?
Hair loss?
Change in nails’ shape, color, or brittleness?
Environmental or occupational hazards?
Self-care behaviors? |
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Term
| What else should be asked of children and infants? |
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Definition
Does child have any birthmarks?
Any change in skin color as a newborn?
Physiologic jaundice?
Cyanosis?
Does child have any rash or sores?
Does child have diaper rash?
Does child have any burns or bruises?
Where?
How did it happen?
Has child been exposed to:
Contagious skin conditions: scabies, impetigo, lice?
Communicable diseases: measles, chicken pox, scarlet fever?
Toxic plants: poison ivy?
Does child have habits such as nailbiting or twisting hair?
What steps are taken to protect child from sun exposure? |
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Term
| What else should be asked of adolescents? |
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Definition
| Skin problems such as pimples, blackheads? |
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Term
| What else should be asked of aging adults? |
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Definition
What changes have you noticed in your skin in last few years?
Any delay in wound healing?
Any change in feet: toenails; bunions, wearing shoes?
Falling: bruises, trauma?
History of diabetes or peripheral vascular disease? |
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Term
| What should you focus on first when assessing the skin? |
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Definition
| Scrutinize the outer skin surface first before you concentrate on underlying structures |
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Term
| What should you do for areas with skin folds? |
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Definition
| Separate intertriginous areas (areas with skinfolds) such as under large breasts, obese abdomen, and groin and inspect them thoroughly. They are perfect conditions for irritation and infection. |
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Term
| Always inspect _______, _______, and between _______. |
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Definition
| Feet, toenails and between toes. |
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Term
| Should the skin be looked at in different sections or one entity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you do if someone has a rash? |
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Definition
| check all areas of body as you cannot rely on the history that rash is in only one location |
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Term
| What should you note when looking at skin COLOR? |
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Definition
color change over entire body skin, such as pallor (pale), erythema (red), cyanosis (blue), or jaundice (yellow)
Note if color change transient or due to pathology |
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Term
| What influences skin color? |
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Definition
| emotional states, temperature, cigarette smoking, prolonged elevation/dependent position of extremities, and prolonged inactivity |
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Term
| What should you use to feel body temperature? |
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Definition
Use backs of hands to palpate person
Skin should be warm, and temperature equal bilaterally; warmth suggests normal circulatory status
Hands and feet may be slightly cooler in a cool environment |
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Term
| What are the 2 states of irregular body temperature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 states of irregular body moisture? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are you feeling for when palpating the skin? |
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Definition
Texture
Thickness
Edema
Mobility and turgor
Vascularity or bruising |
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Term
| What should raise concerns about physical abuse? |
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Definition
| Multiple bruises at different stages of healing and excessive bruises above knees or elbows |
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Term
| Where are needle marks visible? |
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Definition
| may be visible on antecubital fossae, forearms, or on any available vein |
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Term
| If there are lesions, what should be noted? |
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Definition
Color
Elevation
Pattern or shape
Size
Location and distribution on body
Any exudate: note color and odor
Use a Wood’s light (ultraviolet light filtered through special glass) to detect fluorescing lesions |
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Term
| What should you note when inspecting/palpating the hair? |
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Definition
Color
Texture
Distribution
Lesions |
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Term
| What should you note when palpating and inspecting the nails? |
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Definition
Shape
Contour
Consistency
COlor
Capillary Refill |
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Term
| Where do you view the contour of the nail? |
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Definition
| view index finger at its profile and note angle of nail base; it should be about 160 degrees |
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Term
| How do you check capillary refill? |
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Definition
Depress nail edge to blanch and then release, noting return of color; indicates status of peripheral circulation
Color return is normally instant |
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Term
| What is sluggish capillary refill |
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Definition
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Term
| What should be taught about suspicious lesions? |
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Definition
A - Asymmetrical
B - Border
C - Color
D - Diameter
E - Elevation/Enlargement |
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Term
| What is an annular/circular lesion? |
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Definition
Begins in center and spreads to periphery.
RINGWORM, TINEA CAPITIS |
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Term
| What is confluent lesions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Distincit, individual lesions that remain separate |
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Term
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Definition
| Twisted, coiled, spiral, snakelike |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Scratch, streak line, or stripe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Iris. Resembles an iris of an eye. Concentric rings of color in the lesions. |
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Term
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Definition
Linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route
HERPES ZOSTER AKA SHINGLES |
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Term
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Definition
| Annular lesions grow together |
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Term
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Definition
| Color change. Flat, circumscribed, less than 1 cm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Solid, elevated, circular, circumscribed, less than 1 cm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Macules that are larger than 1 cm |
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Term
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Definition
| Papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous, slightly irregular shape due to edema. |
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Term
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Definition
| larger than a few centimeters, firm or soft, deeper into dermis. can be benign or malignant. |
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Term
| What is a urticaria/hive? |
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Definition
| Wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1 cm. Clear serum flows if busted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis/subq layer tensely elevating skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Larger than 1 cm in diameter, usually single chambered, superficial in epidermis, it is thin walled so it ruptures easily. |
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Term
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Definition
| Turbid fluid in the cavity. Circumscribed and elevated. Acne. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thickened, dried out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up. Color can be red/brown, honey, yellow, depending on the fluids ingredients. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compact, desiccated flakes of dry or greasy skin silvery or white from shedding of dead skin cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Linear crack with abrupt edges, extends into dermis, dry or moist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scooped out but shallow depression. Superficial epidermis lost but no bleeding heals w.o scar |
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Term
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Definition
| Deeper depression extending into dermis. Irregular shape may bleed leaves scar |
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Term
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Definition
| Self inflicted abrasion, superficial, sometimes caused by intense scratching |
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Term
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Definition
| After a lesion is repaired normal tissue is lost and replaced with connective tissue. |
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Term
| What is an atrophic scar? |
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Definition
| The resulting skin level is depressed with a loss of tissue, thinning of the epidermis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypertrophic scar that is elevated by excess scar tissue which is invasive beyond the site of original injury. |
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Term
| What is a port wine stain? |
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Definition
| A large flat macula patch covering the scalp or face. Cranial nerve 5. dark red/bluish or purplish and intensifies with crying, exertion, or exposure to heat.cold. |
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Term
| What is a strawberry mark? |
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Definition
| Raised bright red area with well defined borders about 3 cm in diameter. Does not blanch with pressure |
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Term
| What is cavernous hemangioma? |
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Definition
| Reddish blue irregular shaped solid and spongey mass of blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spider veins. Caused by vascular dilation. Permenantly enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible on skins surface. |
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Term
| What is spider/star angioma? |
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Definition
| Fiery red star-shaped marking with a solid circular center. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blue/purple dilation of venues and capillaries in a star shaped linear or flaring pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tiny punctuate hemorrhages 1-3 mm round and dark red, purple, or brown in color . |
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Term
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Definition
| Confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymosis > 3 mm flat, red to purple, macular hemorrhage. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bruise or wound whose shape suggests an instrument or weapon that caused it. (belt, broom, cigarette etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| A bruise you can feel, elevates skin and is seen as swelling. Occurs w. petechiae and purpura may occur on the face w/ prolonged crying. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical injury results in a hemorrhage into tissues. |
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Term
| Why is a contusion different then echymosis? |
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Definition
| Contusion is caused by TRAUMA, ecchymosis is nOT! |
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Term
| What is diaper dermatitis? |
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Definition
| red moist maculopapular patch with poorly defined borders in diaper area extending along inguinal and gluteal folds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scalding red moist patches with sharply demarcated borders some loose scales. |
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Term
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Definition
| Moist, thin roofed vesicles with thing erythmatous base. |
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Term
| What is atopic dermatitis? |
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Definition
| Eczema. Erthymatous papules and vesicles with weeping, oozing, and crusts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash that appears on the 3/4 day of illness. On face first then spreads to trunk. Koplik's spots in mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| Pink, papular rash that first appears on face then spreads. There is lymphadenopathy and absence of koplick's spots. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, tight, vesicles first appear on trunk and then spread to arms and legs. |
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Term
| What is primary contact dermatitis? |
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Definition
| Local inflammatory reaction to an irritant in the environment or an allergy. |
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Term
| What is an allergic drug rxn? |
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Definition
| Erythmatous and symmetric rash that is usually generalized |
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Term
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Definition
| Ringworm of the body. scales on chest, abdomen, back of arms forming multiple circular lesions w/ clear centers |
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Term
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Definition
| Ringworm of foot. Atheletes foot. Fungal infection that first appears as small vesicles between toes, sides of feet, and soles then grows scaly and hard. |
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Term
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Definition
| scaly, erythmatous patch with silvery scales on top. Usually on scalp, elbows, knees, lower back, and anogenital area. |
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Term
| What is tinea versicolor? |
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Definition
| Fine scaling round patches of pink, tan, or white that do not tan in the sun |
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Term
| What is labial herpes simplex? |
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Definition
| Cold sores. Tight vesicles followed by pustules and then cullers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small grouped vesicles emerge along routes of cutaneous sensory nerves then pustules, then crusts. |
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Term
| What is erythema migraines of lyme? |
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Definition
| Bull's eye red macular papular rash. Radiates from tick bite. |
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Term
| What are the malignant skin lesions? |
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Definition
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Metastic malignant melanoma |
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Term
| What is Kaposi's sarcoma? |
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Definition
AIDS related lesion.
A vascular tumor is most common tumor in persons infected with HIV
Considered an AIDS-defining illness
Can occur at any stage of HIV infection |
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Term
| What is seborrheic dermatitis? |
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Definition
| Thick yellow white greasy adherent scales with mild erythema on scalp and forehead very common in infancy |
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Term
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Definition
| Rounded patchy hair loss on scalp leaving broken off hairs, pustules, and scales on skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patchy, asymmetric balding that accompanies severe illness or use of chemotherapy where growing hairs are lost and resting hairs are spared. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sudden appeared of sharply circumscribed round and balding patch. |
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Term
| What is traumatic alopecia? |
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Definition
| Linear oval patch of hair loss along hair line, a part of scattered distribution caused by trauma from hair rollers etc. |
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Term
| What is trichotillomania? |
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Definition
| Traumatic self induced hair loss caused by twisting/plucking |
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Term
| What is pediculosis capitis? |
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Definition
| Irching of scalp caused by nits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Superficial infection of the hair follicles |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess body hair in females forming male sexual astern |
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Term
| What is a furuncle/abcess? |
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Definition
| Red swollen hard tender pus filled lesion caused by acute localized bacterial infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Intensely prutitic contagion caused by scabies mite. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Red swollen tender inflammation of the nail folds. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is splinter hemorrhage? |
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Definition
| Red brown linear streaks that occur with subacute bacterial endocarditis |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner edges of nails elevates, nail bed angle is greater than 180 degrees. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Slow persistant fungal infection of fingernails and toe nails in older adults. Cuases change in color texture thickness and crumbling/breaking |
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Term
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Definition
| Sharply defined and crumbling of the nails with distant attachment often occurring w/ psoriasis |
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Term
| What is habit-tic dystrophy? |
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Definition
| Depression down middle of the nail or multiple ridges caused by continuous picking of cuticle by another finger of the same hand |
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