Term
| Early Maryland and Virginia settlers had trouble creating families because of... |
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Definition
| A low life expectancy, scarce amount of women |
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Term
| Primary cause of death in tobacco growers |
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Definition
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| The cash crop of the Chesapeake |
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Definition
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| Farmers relentlessly seeking fresh land spurred... |
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Definition
| Influx of settlers into new land, provoking of Native Americans |
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| Servants who worked a term in exchange for homes and travel expenses |
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Definition
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| The Viginia and Maryland preference for wealthy landowners caused... |
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Definition
| Power to shift to the wealthy, money to become the source of power, plantations to grow larger |
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Definition
| The buying and selling of workers like property. |
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| A natural evolution of the Barbados slave codes. by mid-1600s it was part of the law. |
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Definition
The opportunity for a worker to make his way up the ladder of social classes to land owner.
The origin of the American dream. |
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Term
| Accumulating mass of single men without land caused |
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Definition
| Tensions to rise between social classes, government discipline |
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Definition
| working man Nathaniel Bacon vs. leader of Jamestown Berkeley. Ignited the anger of landless former slaves and back country frontiersman being oppressed. Brought the issues to the forefront. |
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Definition
| Shipping of rum from America to Africa for slaves, then slaves to West Indies for molasses, then back to America for another round |
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Term
| Plantation owners switched from indentured servants because... |
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Definition
| Slaves are less likely to rebel, don't go free to hold grudges, didn't fight for higher wages |
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Term
| Outnumbered whites two to one in South Carolina in the 1750s |
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Definition
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Definition
| The sea route from the African coast to America |
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| Colony where the Newport slave trade was based |
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Definition
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Definition
| Lost its monopoly on the slave trade in 1698 |
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Definition
| African American dialect that mixed English with African languages |
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Term
| The defined social hierarchy in the South was caused by... |
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Definition
| A small amount of wealthy families at the top, large plantations dominating the land, rich families controlling the government |
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Term
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Definition
| First Families of Virginia, the wealthy plantation families that controlled the legislature and the land |
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Term
| Plantations in the south being so far apart caused... |
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Definition
| A lack of urban population centers, little presence of lawyers and financiers, low quality roads |
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Term
| New England families flourished in the 1700s because of... |
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Definition
| Clean water and air, high birthrate |
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Term
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Definition
| Puritan compromise that allowed a more lenient church entry process to be put in place |
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Definition
| Settled in the middle colonies for its similar climate, focused in Pennsylvania for religious freedom. |
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Definition
| Rough and tumble folk that from Scotland that before lived in Ireland. Settled on the frontier and made their own culture. |
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Term
| Frontier settlers conflicted with east coast townsfolk because of... |
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Definition
| The frontier people wanted protection, the coastals saw the frontier as wild and worthless |
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Term
| The colonies had no unity because of... |
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Definition
| People stayed in their own area, minded their business, only cared about issues that effected them |
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Term
| The colonies' similarities were... |
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Definition
| Government systems, ability to work together if necessary, pride in their profession and ability |
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Definition
| French writer, makes the melting pot metaphor for the New World. Spread the Romanticized idea of being "American" in a land of opportunity. |
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Definition
| The event that ended the hold the Puritan religion over people. Made them look foolish and alien. |
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Term
| Primary occupation of Americans |
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Definition
| Farmers on small plots of land |
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Term
| College of William and Mary |
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Definition
| Oldest college in the south |
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Term
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Definition
| Oldest college in the north, started by the Puritans. Originally taught people to be ministers |
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Term
| Loyalty to Britain was the strongest in the south because... |
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Definition
| They were the most akin to them, the trade and communicate with them, they have a similar social structure |
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Term
| New England soil was poor because of... |
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Definition
| Rocky ground, introduction of livestock, intensive agriculture |
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Term
| New England's harsh climate and labor intensive living caused... |
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Definition
| Citizens to have a respect for hard work and a tough character |
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Term
| Eastern cities felt like part of a British empire because... |
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Definition
| They were mostly in the north, the left England for a reason, they had a diverse population |
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Term
| Back country settlers had little or no feeling towards Britain because... |
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Definition
| They were self-sufficient, had plenty of diversity, most likely to rebel |
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Term
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Definition
| Unwritten rule of British ignoring their own restrictions on trade, profits were to high to keep traders under control. Not nice. |
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Definition
| German Immigrants in Pennsylvania. Came for religious freedom, brought the Presbyterian church structure. |
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Definition
| British prisoners that were shipped to the colonies. Some were failures, but some lived healthy lives. |
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Definition
| Towns along the frontier where Indians were called to be "Christianized" |
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Term
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Definition
| Experienced a renewal in prestige for being able to defend colonial rights. Formerly thought of liars and manipulators. |
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Definition
| Popular location of socialization, debate, and spread of ideals in the colonies |
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Term
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Definition
| Religious belief that focused on free will, and that salvation could be found in hard work |
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Term
| Church membership declined because... |
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Definition
| People focused on money and survival, beliefs were diverse |
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Term
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Definition
| The resurgence of religion in the colonies spread by great orators. Used fear with the offer of redemption. Brought church membership back up. |
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Term
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Definition
| Speaker that started the Great Awakening. Used imagery to portray a powerful God that was disgusted with the state of humanity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Traveling speaker. Loud booming voice convinced the populace and spread the movement. |
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Term
| The Great Awakening was unlike the Puritans because... |
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Definition
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Term
| The Great Awakening was like the Puritans because... |
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Definition
| It offers a pessimistic view of humans that says were all doomed for hell |
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Term
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Definition
| Traditional clergymen that opposed the wave of new thinkers. Concentrated in Britain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Free thinkers that brought the Great Awakening. Concentrated in the colonies. |
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Term
| The Great Awakening effected the state of the colonies by... |
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Definition
| Increasing church membership, unifying them by embracing similarities, making them feel less English |
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Term
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Definition
| First ruler of Massachusetts, lived in Boston, believed in the "city on the hill" theory |
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Term
| "City on the Hill" mentality |
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Definition
| The Puritan belief that they were the model of a perfect society |
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Definition
| Writer who was persecuted for what he wrote in a paper, exposed the unfair laws, basis for freedom of the press |
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Definition
| Known as the "first civilized man of the Americas", big Enlightenment man, made many inventions, believed and fought for colonial unification in the face of big issues |
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Term
| New England had better education because... |
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Definition
| They had a Puritan background including the Old Deluder Law, Population clusters, better schools for more people |
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Term
| The south had worse education because... |
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Definition
| Families were distanced, only the wealthy could afford tutors |
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Definition
| Schools where all were welcome, taught the basics of literacy and math |
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Definition
| The class text of Free Schools, taught the alphabet and Bible verses |
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Term
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Definition
| Puritan law that required children to attend school, influenced the culture |
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Definition
| College-prep schools for the New England wealthy, taught people to read the religious texts of the time |
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Term
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Definition
| Started in Europe, was a change in mindset that focused on finding the practical reasons things happen, no longer blaming things on acts of God. |
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Definition
| Studied and spread the idea that natural forces can debunk the previously supernatural |
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Term
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Definition
| Forces all around us that govern the world and its workings |
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Definition
| Religious outlook on the Enlightenment, belief that God set the Earth and its natural laws in motion, then stepped back. Analogy of a clock |
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Definition
| English thinker that supported the Glorious Revolution, defends the people from the government and believes in the Social Contract |
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Definition
| Idea that people form governments to provide order and liberty, and that people have the right to overthrow government. The founding fathers were strong believers. |
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Term
| The British colonies conflicted with French colonies over... |
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Definition
| Land. They both laid claims to the same area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Present day Canada and central U.S., Not as concentrated as British, mostly forts and trading posts. Less settled in, lots of trappers and traders. Here to make money then leave. |
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Term
| The British had a rivalry with France in America because... |
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Definition
| They had a long standing European fight, many past wars |
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Term
| The British's advantages in the war against France were.. |
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Definition
| Their strong naval presence, passion to defend their home, 23 to 1 population advantage. |
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Term
| The French's advantages in the war against the British were... |
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Definition
| Their strong army on land, their single unified government that was easy to control, their Indian allies, |
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Term
| The Indians mostly favored the French settlers because... |
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Definition
| They weren't there to settle, they were there only to trade, they didn't push their boundaries or claim land. |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly contested section of land, fought over for its rivers and valuable animal population, claimed by both France and Britain |
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Definition
| French fort in the Ohio Valley, eventually defeated and made into a trading post and Fort Pitt |
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Definition
| Ambitious young American that attacked Fort Duquesne, served under General Braddock during his defeat, became well known as unkillable |
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Term
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Definition
| "Bulldog" Braddock, veteran British man, used traditional strategy and was defeated by Indian guerrilla tactics. Overestimated himself and underestimated his opponent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Global war the French and Indian was a front of. Fought all around the world on many continents. The first "world war" |
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Term
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Definition
| Meeting of colonial representatives in 1754, where Ben Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union, used the "Join, or Die!" cartoon, ultimately fails |
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Term
| The Albany Plan of Union failed because... |
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Definition
| The colonies were still too different, felt they were British and not American |
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Term
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Definition
| Became Prime Minister during the Seven Years War. Understood the colonial concern, raised morale. Used colonists to British advantage. Takes Duquesne and Louisborg, the war turns for the British. |
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Definition
| Self-made colonist, took Quebec in a brutal battle in which he dies before shortly before victory. New France falls without its central fort. |
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Definition
| Ends the French and Indian War. Gives Britain a massive amount of land from the east coast to the Mississippi River, plus Canada. France is left with the Caribbean Islands and Spain gets the West and New Orleans. |
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Term
| In the twelve years after the end of The Seven Years War and the American Revolution, Americans would become... |
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Definition
| Unified, Similar in culture and ideals, Fed up with Great Britain's oppression |
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Definition
| Colonists that fought to defend their home, disrespected by British soldiers and considered lower people despite their military accomplishments |
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Definition
| Scene of the battle won by British forces under the command of Wolfe captured Quebec and toppled New France |
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Definition
| Strategic port at the mouth of the Mississippi that was once under the control of the French, but changed hands to the Spanish. Center of Cajun culture |
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Definition
| French colonists that were uprooted from Nova Scotia and shipped to Louisiana. Shaped the culture of the New Orleans area. |
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Definition
| Indian leader that was outraged by British settlers proceeding past the Appalachians. Rebelled to defend land that he believed was his. Failed. |
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Definition
| French Protestants that were granted toleration by the Edict of Nantes in 1598, but were not permitted to settle |
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Definition
| Animal with a valuable pelt that populated French territories being fought over |
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