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| know as "Napoleon the Small" he was actually quite astute and manipulated his subjects keenly. He seized control of the government in 1851 after the national assembly rejected his new constitution. he restores universal male suffrage, and the people elected him president for 10 years (overwhelming landslide). he reconstructs paris to prevent strikes. he's a conservative, but he liberalizes in order to stay in power >> gives political opponents more leeway. |
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| Baron Houssmann and Paris |
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| 1853: Russia vs. The Ottomans, and 1 yr. later GB and France declare war on Russia to keep the balance of power. ended in the treaty of paris, but the war was costly for both sides. |
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| British nurse who insisted on sanitary conditions saved many lives, helped make nursing a profession for women. |
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| Piedmont and the House of Savoy |
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| this northern province became the center of attention for nationalists. Victor Emmanuel II is the head of the house of savoy. |
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| helped the province to do well economically, and he builds a huge army off the taxes. he gets the french as an ally, but after two french victories, the french draft a peace treaty and get out of the war. |
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| Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Red Shirts |
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| operated in southern italy, Garibaldi was a nationalist who raised an army of "red shirts" he conquers sicily and moves north successfully. however, cavour, who had different political ideas preempts his march on rome, and garibaldi yields to cavour, because he favored nationalism over civil war. |
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| a German customs union with Prussia >> opened up discussion for the unification of Germany. |
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| he was an opportunist and a realist, and was the primary user of Realpolitik. he manipulated and put things together so that Germany was unified. |
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| doing the thing that benefits you the most politically without regard for morality or ethics. |
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| He isolates the austrians, and defeats them decisively because of better technology. however, he doesn't embarrass them with a harsh punishment. |
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| the french lose because they took the prussians too lightly. the french were forced to give up territory and pay an indemnity. this leads to the unification of Germany. |
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| Alexander II and the serfs |
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| after the embarrassment of the crimean war, he knew that russia was backwards, and that something needed to be done. he abolishes the serfs, but the freedoms were very limited. it was kind of like when slavery was abolished. |
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| local assemblies that provided a moderate degree of self government in russia. |
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| russian students and intellectuals turn to populism, but the peasants remain uninterested in politics. |
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| he returned to the traditional methods of repression |
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government and society corrupts people’s inherent goodness.Proudhon >> private property corrupts >> communal living. Syndicalism.
Bakunin (Russia) >> more radical, thought that violence was the only way.
Kropotkin >> communism and anarchy. >> remove the state. |
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